Peace Treaties Flashcards
When was the Treaty of Versailles (Germany) signed?
1919
What were the 4 main points related to territory in the Treaty of Versailles (Germany)?
- Saar mines = French for 15 years
- Danzig = free city under League’s control
- Polish corridor created
- NO ANSCHLUSS
What were the 5 main points related to military in the Treaty of Versailles (Germany)?
- Army = 100,000
- No air force
- Reduced navy
- Rhineland = permanently demilitarised
- Britain and USA wanted to end conscription
What were the 3 main points related to war guilt and reparations in the Treaty of Versailles (Germany)?
- Germany to accept blame for the war
- Article 231 - moral justification for reparations
- Agreement on principle of reparations - disagreement on amount
What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany? (2 points)
- Humiliation and desire for revenge
- German nationalists saw acceptance as betrayal - blamed socialist government
How did Germany react to the Paris Peace Conference?
- May 1919 - Germany presented with draft treaty - given 15 days to reply
- Main criticism from Germany - ToV ignored 14 Points
- Germany demanded League membership, self-determination and commission to examine war guilt - demands ignored but plebiscite given over Upper Silesia
- Final version given in June 1919 - triggered political crisis, Germany had to agree to terms
When was the Treaty of St. Germain (Austria) signed?
1919
What were the main 3 points related to territory in the Treaty of St. Germain (Austria)?
- Reduced to 6 million, land-locked state
- Italy given South Tyrol (230,000 Germans living there)
- Czechoslovakia given Bohemia and Moravia (3 mill. Germans living there)
What were the 3 main points related to military in the Treaty of St. Germain (Austria)?
- Army = 30,000
- No conscription
- No navy
What were the 2 main points related to war guilt and reparations in the Treaty of St. Germain (Austria)?
- Had to accept war guilt
- Reparations set but amount never fixed
What was the impact of the Treaty of St. Germain on Austria (2 points)?
- Industry given to Czechoslovakia, so hard to get economy going
- Economy collapsed in 1921
When was the Treaty of Neuilly (Bulgaria) signed?
1919
What was the main point related to territory in the Treaty of Neuilly (Bulgaria)?
Territory lost to Greece, Yugoslavia and Romania
What were the main 4 points related to military in the Treaty of Neuilly (Bulgaria)?
- Army = 20,000
- No conscription
- No air force
- 4 battleships
What were the 2 main points related to war guilt and reparations in the Treaty of Neuilly (Bulgaria)?
- Had to accept war guilt
- Reparations = £100 million
What was the impact of the Treaty of Neuilly on Bulgaria (2 points)?
- Political crisis - Communists made gains in elections in 1920
- Coup in 1923 when Prime Minister assassinated by right wing army officers
When was the Treaty of Trianon (Hungary) signed?
1920
What were the 4 main points related to territory in the Treaty of Trianon (Hungary)?
- ⅔ territory lost / 42% population
- Transylvania given to Romania
- Slovakia and Ruthenia given to Czechoslovakia
- Justified by self-determination
What were the 3 main points related to military in the Treaty of Trianon (Hungary)?
- Army = 35,000
- No conscription
- 3 patrol boats
What were the 2 main points related to war guilt and reparations in the Treaty of Trianon (Hungary)?
- Had to accept war guilt
- Reparations set
What was the impact of the Treaty of Trianon on Hungary (2 points)?
- Economic problems - former interdependence within larger empire
- Lack of raw materials and over production of agricultural produce
When were the Treaties of Sevres and Lausanne (Turkey) signed?
1920
What were the 3 main points related to territory in the Treaty of Sevres and the 1 main point in the Treaty of Lausanne (Turkey)?
- SEVRES - Eastern Thrace & Smyrna given to Greece
- SEVRES - Palestine, Iraq & Jordan given to Britain
- SEVRES - Syria given to France
- LAUSANNE - Eastern Thrace & Smyrna regained
What were the 4 main points related to military in the Treaty of Sevres (Turkey)?
- Army = 50,000
- Navy = 7 sailboats and 6 torpedo boats
- Allies keep troops in Turkey
- Open Dardanelles to ships of all nations
