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RPE > Peace And Conflict > Flashcards

Peace And Conflict Flashcards

0
Q

Why can wars occur 4 points and examples

A

Religious- the troubles
Economic- Israel
Social- Rwandan genocide
Moral- Iraq (dictatorship)

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1
Q

5 reasons for war with examples

A 
Border disputes (Israel/Palestine)
Resources (Iraq 2003)
Race (Hitler/Bovaria, Rowanda)
Dictatorship (North Korea)
Religion (the crusades)
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2
Q

Aims of UN

A

Develop friendly relations between nations
Work together to improve living standards
Centre for helping achieve these aims

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3
Q

Example of UN work

A

El Salvador to stop violation of human rights in 1990s

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4
Q

Just war theory

A

‘Jus as bellum’- Thomas Aquinas

When it’s right to go eat and necessary, measures taken to minimise suffering

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5
Q

How does UN work for peace

A

Employ’s celebrity ambassadors (Beckham)
Own means of justice- prosecute against war crimes (Yugoslavia)
Promote peace negotiations (Ukraine)
Address problems before escalation

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6
Q

7 just theory criteria

A 
Just and competent authority 
Right intention 
Reasonable chance of success 
Proportionality
Last Reston 
Legitimate targets attacked only 
Just cause
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7
Q

Just and competent authority

A

Can only be declared by a ruler of the UN of the government

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8
Q

Right intention

A

Fought to bring about good- restore peace, prevent suffering and stopped when aim is reached

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9
Q

Reasonable chance of success

A

Stops lives being lost unnecessarily

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10
Q

Proportionality

A

Only necessary to achieve an aim- nuclear weapons shouldn’t be used on a tiny country over a border dispute

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11
Q

Last resort

A

Must be a last resort after all peaceful means are attempted

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12
Q

Legitimate targets attacked only

A

Innocent civilians shouldn’t be attacked (schools, hospitals)
Sudan war 98% of casualties were civilians

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13
Q

Just cause

A

Fought for just cause eg resisting aggression of self defence

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14
Q

Was the Second World War a just war

A

Was started/controlled by lawful authorities (elected British government)
Serious reason- preventing oppression
Last resort- four years of negotiation attempts
Hope of success- preventing Hitler invading other areas

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15
Q

RCC attitude on war

A
  • war/conflict has direct impact on development
  • people flee from areas of destruction
  • land is unusable
  • dislike war as effects civilians
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16
Q

People benedict on war

A
  • threatens to harm image of humanity
  • destroys value of people
  • defending yourself is a duty and this extents to violence
  • violence must be proportional
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17
Q

Jesus on war and evidence

A
  • never condemned soldiers
  • preached love and peace
  • Jesus praised Roman soldier for his faith (Luke 7:10-10)
  • ‘everyone must obey the authorities… existing authorities have been put there by God’
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18
Q

Christian pacifists on war

A
  • Jesus was a pacifists
  • war is never justified
  • conflict resolution should be sought out
  • Quakers are only full pacifists
  • violence is destructive
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19
Q

Matthew quote on war

A
  • ‘do not take revenge on someone who wrongs you’- Matthew 5:39
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20
Q

Christian pacifists to promote peace

A

Year long blockade of nuclear weapons

Promotes peace actively not just avoids being involved

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21
Q

Christians against war

A
  • Jesus was a pacifist (WWJD)
  • agape love
  • sanctity of life
  • conscientious objectors, pacifism
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22
Q

Christians for war (4)

A
  • ‘everyone should obey state authorities they have been put here by God’- Romans 13:1
  • you should defend yourself and your family (extends to violence)- Pope Benedict, just war theory
  • liberation theology
  • stand up for beliefs
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23
Q

Quakers

A
  • pacifists
  • promote peace
  • ‘all disputes should be settled by peaceful means’
  • world shouldn’t have nuclear weapons
  • trusted to sort out conflicts
  • Christian group
  • work with UN to reconciliation
  • organise public campaigns
24
Q

Ecumenical accompaniment programme in Palestine and Israel

A
  • peace workers
  • different denominations come together to promote peace
  • formed in 2002
  • supplied accompanies to live and work in disputed territories
  • prevents violation of human rights
  • supports peace activists
25
Q

Islam

A

Means peace

26
Q

Jihadists

A

Protect people with violence

27
Q

Jihad meaning

A

A struggle or strive
Lesser- Struggle with an enemy
Greater- Struggle within yourself

28
Q

When is lesser jihad permitted

A

Fighting in defence of freedom of religion, community or county
Must comply with conditions of Islamic law

29
Q

War isn’t a jihad if the intention is to

A 
Force people to convert 
Conquer other nations to colonise them
Take territory for economic game 
Settle disputes 
Demonstrate a leaders power
30
Q

Reasons for Muslims going to war

A 
Must have a just cause 
Must be a last resort 
Must minimise suffering 
Must be led my Muslim authority 
Innocent civilians can't be attacked 
Must be ended when enemy lays down his arms
31
Q

Teachings of the Qur’an about war

A

Muslims must fight if they are attacked

Anyone who does fight will go to heaven

32
Q

Muhammad on war

A

Good example of how to live and fight

Said Muslims must only fight in just wars

33
Q

Muslims against war

A

Peace is heart of Islam and Qur’an
Modern weapons can’t be compatible with Muslims rules
Non violent methods should be used
Violence leads of mistrust

34
Q

Muslim peace fellowship quote

A

‘Whatever act of violence has just taken place, we deplore it’

35
Q

Muslims against terrorism

A
  • can’t force people to convert but Isis threats to kill those who don’t
  • peace is at heart of Islam but terrorism defeats this (salaam aleikum)
  • mohammad said innocent civilians can’t be harmed (just war) 9/11
  • non violent ways can only bring peace but Isis is killing people and leads to hostility and violence
36
Q

Quakers quote on war

A
  • ‘we work to build the conditions of peace that take away the occasion of all wars’- Quakers
37
Q

Conflict quote

A
  • ‘conflict can be a positive force for change but may only create temporary good and may increase the chance of violence becoming a permanent way of resolving conflict’
38
Q

Quote against war bible

A
  • ‘God did not put me on this earth to go destroying his children’
39
Q

Quote against war Decalogue

A

Thou shalt not kill

40
Q

Obey authorities quote

A
  • ‘everyone should obey state authorities as they have been put here by God’- Romans 13:1
41
Q

Stand up for your belief example

A
  • jesus, cleansing of the temples
42
Q

EAPPI quote

A

‘Showing soldiers that the international community is there to monitor them and report their actions and behaviour’

43
Q

Liberation theology example

A

Bietrich bonhoffom- plotted to kill hitler

44
Q

Religious organisations should get involved in politics

A
  • Have strict moral codes so situations may be dealt with in more fairness and with more more morality e.g. Christians follow the teachings of Jesus and so act with love and compassion
  • More attention toward environmental problems and this has to be done, Christians believe God created the world and appointed us his stewards so we must look after it
  • In Christianity for example, there are many teachings of equality e.g. ‘Love they neighbour’ and the Golden Rule so people may be treated with more respect
45
Q

Religious organisations should not get involved in politics

A
  • May be biased towards different minorities e.g. RCC think homosexuality is a sin so there could be a lot of discrimination
  • Some religious views are very outdated and fail to adapt to modern day society
  • There could be a lot of conflict in politics as some religious groups have very extreme views and probably wouldn’t accept opposers points of views
46
Q

Statistics for bullying

A
  • 12 year olds mentioning self harm increased by 50%
  • 41 % increase in self harm counselling sessions
  • 750, 000 young people say they have nothing to live for
  • child line has counselled 3.2 million children since 1986
  • 2012-2013 brought 4507 cyber bullying cases
47
Q

Christian against bullying

A
  1. Jesus interacted with those cast out from society
    ‘Jesus went through all the towns and villages… when he saw the crowds he had compassion for them because they were helpless’
  2. Everybody is made in the image of God and so should be respected
    ‘In the image of God he created them; male and female’
  3. After death they will be judged by God
    The Parable of the Sheep and the Goat
  4. Everyone should be treated equally
    Golden Rule, ‘Love your enemy’
48
Q

How do Christians bully

A
  1. Homophobic
    Condemn homosexual acts and say they are a sin
  2. Sexist
    Still no ordination of women in RCC
49
Q

Muslims against bullying

A
  1. Allah created humans and they are equal in his eyes so Muslims should respect each other are creatures of Allah
  2. It is a Muslim’s duty to fight injustice and bullying is a form of injustice
  3. Islam teaches Muslims they are all brothers and sisters in the Ummah so should show compassion
  4. Allah judged everyone after death and those who have wronged will be punished
50
Q

The Children’s Society

A
  • Helps children face danger, discrimination or disadvantage in their daily lives
  • Anti-bullying is key
  • Work in schools to prevent bullying
  • Founded in 1881 by Edward Rudolf
51
Q

The Samaritans

A
  • ‘Every six seconds, somebody contacts us. Ten times a minute, we can help someone turn their life around’
  • 201 branches across the UK and Ireland
  • Received 68 millions contacts since 1984
52
Q

Kidscape

A
  • Works with under 16 year olds
  • Bullying makes children 6 times more likely to commit suicide
  • 1 in 12 children are severely bullied
  • No religious connection but supported by Christians and Muslims
53
Q

Beatbullying

A
  • Have ‘cybementors’ run by young people
  • These are fully trained people
  • Works with schools to prevent bullying
54
Q

Religious conflict reasons

A
  1. Honour
  2. Traditional roles
  3. Diet
  4. Inappropriate actions
  5. Same-sex relationships
  6. Divorce
  7. Multi-faith marriages
55
Q

Importance of forgiveness in Islam

A
  1. Taught to follow the life of Muhammad and he showed forgiveness e.g. after capturing the city of Mecca, he freed the leaders rather than executing them
  2. Qur’an teaches Muslims that Allah will forgive them their sins so they should do the same
    ‘Show forgiveness, speak for justice and avoid the ignorant’
  3. Allah will judge them after they die and punish them for their wrongdoings
  4. Muslims are also taught to recognise and admit the mistakes they have made an then ask for forgiveness and repent you’re sins in life
    Hajj is prayer service where they do this
  5. Forgiveness isn’t always given, so this helps to withhold its importance and significance
    ‘Don’t forget the wilfully unjust.’
56
Q

What does the parable of the lost son teach about forgivenss

A

The son squandered all the family’s money but he came back and showed remorse and his father forgave him with no doubts. The other son objects to this forgiveness but the father does not change his view. This teaches Christians to show agape love and forgive those who have sinned.

57
Q

What did Jesus teach about forgiveness

A
  • Taught that forgiveness is vital

- Told Peter in a biblical passage that you should forgive someone an unlimited amount of times

58
Q

What did Jesus teach about forgiveness quotes

A

‘Do not take revenge on someone who wrongs you… love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you’ (Matthew 5:39-44)
‘Forgive us the wrong things that we have done, as we forgive the wrongs that others have done to us’ (Matthew 6:12)
‘No not seven times… but seventy seven times’ (Jesus to Peter)

RPE (16 decks)

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