PEA1 Flashcards
An antifibrinolytic agent used in regular clinical practice
Tranexamic acid (TXA)
A unit of blood could be transfused most rapidly through
which vascular access catheters?
A 16-gauge, 3-cm peripheral IV in the right antecubital fossa
Excessive administration of normal saline for fluid
resuscitation can lead to what metabolic derangement?
Metabolic acidosis
Shock caused by a large tension pneumothorax is
categorized as
Obstructive
A patient with necrotizing pancreatitis undergoes
computed tomography (CT)-guided aspiration, which
results in growth of Escherichia coli on culture. The most appropriate treatment is?
Exploratory laparotomy
Factor that influence the development of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs)
Degree of microbial contamination
Duration of the procedure
Patient’s condition/risk factors e.g., Malnutrition
Closure of an appendectomy wound in a patient with
perforated appendicitis who is receiving appropriate
antibiotics will result in a wound infection in what
percentage of patients?
22–25%
The proliferative phase of wound healing occurs how long after the injury
Approximately 7 days
The root cause of the majority of wrong-site surgeries
result from
Communication errors
Has been shown to decrease the time of post-operative ileus
Erythromycin
In the ABCDE of melanoma, the D stands for diameter
greater than?
6 mm
A chylothorax is likely to be present in a patient whose
pleural fluid analysis results show a triglyceride level of?
130mg/100mL
The most common age to close asymptomatic ASDs is?
Age 4–5 years
A true surgical emergency in a newborn?
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
(TAPVC)
Best predictor of spontaneous closure of a VSD
Age at diagnosis
The bypass conduit with the highest patency rate is the?
Internal thoracic artery
Most common cause of thoracic aortic aneurysms
Nonspecific medial degeneration
The compartment most commonly affected in a lower leg compartment syndrome is the?
Anterior compartment
Anesthesia dolorosa is pain felt in the face which is
completely numb to touch. The pain is characterized as
constant, burning, or aching. It is usually a side effect of
surgery of
Trigeminal neuralgia
The most common source of bacteria that causes SSI’s
following procedures other than elective clean operation
is
The patient’s endogenous bacteria
Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by compression of the superior vena cava most often caused by bronchogenic carcinoma. Which treatment options should extreme care be taken for it can further worsen SVC compression?
Continuous positive pressure
Describes a primary microbial peritonitis
Microbes invade the normally sterile confines of the
peritoneal cavity through hematogenous route.
An adjuvant treatment for breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor positive tumor
Anastrozole
A kinase inhibitor, a type of targeted drug,
given to treat advanced breast cancer
Lapatinib
A hemolytic transfusion reaction during anesthesia will
be characterized by
Bleeding and hypotension
The classic triad of Plummer -Vinson syndrome is composed of
Dysphagia
Esophageal webs
Iron deficiency anemia
Plummer’s disease is seen in
Toxic multinodular goiter
What knot tie is used when there is increased wound tension
Surgeon’s knot
What knot tie is used when there is increased wound tension
Surgeon’s knot
If there is suspected cardiac injury, acutely, how many mL of blood can lead to cardiac tamponade?
<100 mL
What is the sequence in which the body utilizes its stored energy
Glycogen -> fats -> protein
A type of hernia occurring at the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle
Spigelian
A hernia through the superior lumbar triangle is called?
Grynfeltt’s
A 50 year old female patient underwent a needle guided
excisional biopsy in her right breast. The rest of her history is unremarkable. This is classified under which of the ff. wound classes?
Clean
Which antibiotic provides adequate coverage for prophylaxis for most types of procedures?
Cefazolin
During elective colorectal surgery, considerable spillage of colon contents occurs, the surgeon then decides to administer antibiotic therapy, this is classified under
Empiric therapy
The lesion is a pinkish erythematous plaque with a depressed center with raised borders. Hx shows significant sun exposure, works as a farmer up to the present. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
Basal cell carcinoma
Which skin cancers is most likely to recur locally and invasive?
Basal cell carcinoma
Most common type of skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
The type of malignant melanoma common among dark
skinned individuals found usually on the palmar, plantar and subungual areas?
Acral lentiginous
A disorder of delayed gastric emptying
in the absence of mechanical obstruction after post
gastrectomy?
Roux syndrome
The cause of Zollinger Ellison syndrome is commonly found at the?
Gastrinoma triangle
A 36 year old male patient presents with recurrent
intermittent hematemesis. Initial Upper GI endoscopy
showed negative findings. A repeat upper GI endoscopy
showed a large submucosal artery near the gastroesophageal junction what is the diagnosis?
Dieulafoy’s lesion
Gallbladder stones commonly lodge where?
Cystic duct
Most common functional pancreatic endocrine
neoplasm
Insulinoma
In a case of an acute abdomen, the examiner places the patient on his left side and then proceeds to slowly extend the right thigh to elicit abdominal pain on the RLQ, what is this called?
Psoas sign
What is the most vulnerable segment of the large intestine to obstruction?
Sigmoid colon
What is the most common site of volvulus?
Sigmoid
Tumor markers has utility for pancreatic
cancer
CA 19-9
A patient with liver cirrhosis was treated with a shunt for the treatment of portal hypertension, which blood vessels are the ones connected?
Portal vein and inferior vena cava
Most commonly injured organ with blunt
abdominal trauma is
Liver
The most common clinical sign in pheochromocytoma is
Hypertension
Which medication should be given 1-3 weeks before surgery of pheochromocytoma?
Phenoxybenzamine
A 1 week old infant presents bilious vomiting and irritability. On examination he has no abdominal distention, no palpable masses, ultrasound reveals 2 discrete cystic structures in the upper abdomen, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Duodenal atresia
If tissue biopsy revealed polygonal spindle shaped cells with amyloid, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Medullary thyroid cancer
The most common variant of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia constitutes which defects
Posterolateral / Bochdalek
Most common of the primary esophageal motility
disorders?
Nutcracker esophagus
What is the most common cause of ulcer related death?
Bleeding
A 26 year old male patient was brought into the emergency was involved in a scuffle there was penetrating trauma a knife to the left chest wall, patient was dead on arrival and CPR was performed for 5 minutes already while on the way to the hospital, what is the next best step in the management ?
Resuscitative thoracotomy
26 y/o patient with an anterior abdominal stab wound came to the ER. BP 120/80, HR108 RR20
T-afebrile, the knife wound is near the RUQ and right flank, what is the appropriate next step in the management of this patient?
Local wound exploration
What would decrease the chance of recurrence to a CIS breast cancer?
Radiation
After undergoing right breast surgery, patient developed
shoulder weakness and winging of the right scapula, which nerve is implicated?
Long thoracic nerve
Routine screening mammography in women for breast cancer is started at what age?
40
The preferred method for diagnosis of palpable or
nonpalpable breast abnormalities?
Core needle biopsy
Mechanism of characteristic skin retraction in breast cancer?
Desmoplastic response shortens Cooper’s ligaments
The type of esophageal hernia where there is an upward dislocation of the cardiac portion of the stomach into the posterior mediastinum
Type 1
A tooth abscess which spread to the neck area
Ludwig’s angina
A 26 y/o patient after an episode of an alcoholic binge
drinking had several episodes of retching and vomiting.
Patient started having profuse hematemesis afterward.
Endoscopy revealed longitudinal fissures in the mucosa of the herniated stomach with bleeding, what is the diagnosis?
Mallory Weiss tear
Topical burn wound therapy that is used mostly for
prevention of wound infections, soothing quality,
inexpensive, not absorbed systemically, may cause
neutropenia and cannot be used for skin graft sites
Silver sulfadiazine
Topical burn wound therapy that is used mostly for both
treatment and prevention of burn wound infections, can be used on skin grafts and can penetrate eschar, associated with pain on application and absorbed systemically causing metabolic acidosis
Mafenide acetate
Topical burn wound therapy that is used mostly as dilute
solution with broad antimicrobial activity, it is associated
with hyponatremia and methemoglobinemia. Inexpensive but causes black stains on garments
Silver nitrate
The most common symptom or presentation of
intussusceptions in the adult?
Bowel obstruction
Patient is a 7 y/o male who presents with left groin or knee pain, decreased hip motion and a limp. There was no history of injury/fall, xray reveals osteonecrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis, what is the most likely diagnosis
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Patient is an active 14 y/o Male who is part of the schools track and field team, he presents with localized pain and tenderness at the area of the tibial tubercle, xray reveals calcification of the tendon near the tibial tubercle, what is the diagnosis?
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Most common cause of cataract?
Aging
A 44 y/o female patient presents to the ED with sudden
blurring of vision more prominent on the right eye,
accompanied by unilateral right sided headache and eye pain, nausea and vomiting, PE: ciliary injection over the right eye, smoky cornea, mid-dilated pupil, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Diagnostic procedures can visualize the
anterior chamber angle?
Gonioscopy
The intravascular volume or plasma composes how many % of the body weight?
5%
The most common cause of volume deficit in surgical patients is
Loss of GI fluids
GI secretion with the highest potassium content?
Colon
GI secretion with the highest HCO3 content?
Pancreas
The most common abnormality of hemostasis that results in bleeding in the surgical patient
Thrombocytopenia
Type of shock where cardiac index is increased, systemic vascular resistance is decreased, decreased CVP and decreased mixed venous O2, and no change in venous capacitance
Neurogenic
Flail chest?
3 or more contiguous ribs are fractures in at least 2
locations
