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PEA1 Flashcards

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1
Q

An antifibrinolytic agent used in regular clinical practice

A

Tranexamic acid (TXA)

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2
Q

A unit of blood could be transfused most rapidly through
which vascular access catheters?

A

A 16-gauge, 3-cm peripheral IV in the right antecubital fossa

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3
Q

Excessive administration of normal saline for fluid
resuscitation can lead to what metabolic derangement?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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4
Q

Shock caused by a large tension pneumothorax is
categorized as

A

Obstructive

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5
Q

A patient with necrotizing pancreatitis undergoes
computed tomography (CT)-guided aspiration, which
results in growth of Escherichia coli on culture. The most appropriate treatment is?

A

Exploratory laparotomy

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6
Q

Factor that influence the development of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs)

A

Degree of microbial contamination
Duration of the procedure
Patient’s condition/risk factors e.g., Malnutrition

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7
Q

Closure of an appendectomy wound in a patient with
perforated appendicitis who is receiving appropriate
antibiotics will result in a wound infection in what
percentage of patients?

A

22–25%

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8
Q

The proliferative phase of wound healing occurs how long after the injury

A

Approximately 7 days

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9
Q

The root cause of the majority of wrong-site surgeries
result from

A

Communication errors

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10
Q

Has been shown to decrease the time of post-operative ileus

A

Erythromycin

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11
Q

In the ABCDE of melanoma, the D stands for diameter
greater than?

A

6 mm

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12
Q

A chylothorax is likely to be present in a patient whose
pleural fluid analysis results show a triglyceride level of?

A

130mg/100mL

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13
Q

The most common age to close asymptomatic ASDs is?

A

Age 4–5 years

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14
Q

A true surgical emergency in a newborn?

A

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
(TAPVC)

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15
Q

Best predictor of spontaneous closure of a VSD

A

Age at diagnosis

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16
Q

The bypass conduit with the highest patency rate is the?

A

Internal thoracic artery

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17
Q

Most common cause of thoracic aortic aneurysms

A

Nonspecific medial degeneration

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18
Q

The compartment most commonly affected in a lower leg compartment syndrome is the?

A

Anterior compartment

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19
Q

Anesthesia dolorosa is pain felt in the face which is
completely numb to touch. The pain is characterized as
constant, burning, or aching. It is usually a side effect of
surgery of

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

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20
Q

The most common source of bacteria that causes SSI’s
following procedures other than elective clean operation
is

A

The patient’s endogenous bacteria

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21
Q

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by compression of the superior vena cava most often caused by bronchogenic carcinoma. Which treatment options should extreme care be taken for it can further worsen SVC compression?

A

Continuous positive pressure

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22
Q

Describes a primary microbial peritonitis

A

Microbes invade the normally sterile confines of the
peritoneal cavity through hematogenous route.

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23
Q

An adjuvant treatment for breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor positive tumor

A

Anastrozole

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24
Q

A kinase inhibitor, a type of targeted drug,
given to treat advanced breast cancer

A

Lapatinib

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25
A hemolytic transfusion reaction during anesthesia will be characterized by
Bleeding and hypotension
26
The classic triad of Plummer -Vinson syndrome is composed of
Dysphagia Esophageal webs Iron deficiency anemia
27
Plummer’s disease is seen in
Toxic multinodular goiter
28
What knot tie is used when there is increased wound tension
Surgeon’s knot
28
What knot tie is used when there is increased wound tension
Surgeon’s knot
29
If there is suspected cardiac injury, acutely, how many mL of blood can lead to cardiac tamponade?
<100 mL
30
What is the sequence in which the body utilizes its stored energy
Glycogen -> fats -> protein
31
A type of hernia occurring at the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle
Spigelian
32
A hernia through the superior lumbar triangle is called?
Grynfeltt’s
33
A 50 year old female patient underwent a needle guided excisional biopsy in her right breast. The rest of her history is unremarkable. This is classified under which of the ff. wound classes?
Clean
34
Which antibiotic provides adequate coverage for prophylaxis for most types of procedures?
Cefazolin
35
During elective colorectal surgery, considerable spillage of colon contents occurs, the surgeon then decides to administer antibiotic therapy, this is classified under
Empiric therapy
36
The lesion is a pinkish erythematous plaque with a depressed center with raised borders. Hx shows significant sun exposure, works as a farmer up to the present. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
Basal cell carcinoma
37
Which skin cancers is most likely to recur locally and invasive?
Basal cell carcinoma
38
Most common type of skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
39
The type of malignant melanoma common among dark skinned individuals found usually on the palmar, plantar and subungual areas?
Acral lentiginous
40
A disorder of delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction after post gastrectomy?
Roux syndrome
41
The cause of Zollinger Ellison syndrome is commonly found at the?
Gastrinoma triangle
42
A 36 year old male patient presents with recurrent intermittent hematemesis. Initial Upper GI endoscopy showed negative findings. A repeat upper GI endoscopy showed a large submucosal artery near the gastroesophageal junction what is the diagnosis?
Dieulafoy’s lesion
43
Gallbladder stones commonly lodge where?
Cystic duct
44
Most common functional pancreatic endocrine neoplasm
Insulinoma
45
In a case of an acute abdomen, the examiner places the patient on his left side and then proceeds to slowly extend the right thigh to elicit abdominal pain on the RLQ, what is this called?
Psoas sign
46
What is the most vulnerable segment of the large intestine to obstruction?
Sigmoid colon
47
What is the most common site of volvulus?
Sigmoid
48
Tumor markers has utility for pancreatic cancer
CA 19-9
49
A patient with liver cirrhosis was treated with a shunt for the treatment of portal hypertension, which blood vessels are the ones connected?
Portal vein and inferior vena cava
50
Most commonly injured organ with blunt abdominal trauma is
Liver
51
The most common clinical sign in pheochromocytoma is
Hypertension
52
Which medication should be given 1-3 weeks before surgery of pheochromocytoma?
Phenoxybenzamine
53
A 1 week old infant presents bilious vomiting and irritability. On examination he has no abdominal distention, no palpable masses, ultrasound reveals 2 discrete cystic structures in the upper abdomen, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Duodenal atresia
54
If tissue biopsy revealed polygonal spindle shaped cells with amyloid, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Medullary thyroid cancer
55
The most common variant of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia constitutes which defects
Posterolateral / Bochdalek
56
Most common of the primary esophageal motility disorders?
Nutcracker esophagus
57
What is the most common cause of ulcer related death?
Bleeding
58
A 26 year old male patient was brought into the emergency was involved in a scuffle there was penetrating trauma a knife to the left chest wall, patient was dead on arrival and CPR was performed for 5 minutes already while on the way to the hospital, what is the next best step in the management ?
Resuscitative thoracotomy
59
26 y/o patient with an anterior abdominal stab wound came to the ER. BP 120/80, HR108 RR20 T-afebrile, the knife wound is near the RUQ and right flank, what is the appropriate next step in the management of this patient?
Local wound exploration
60
What would decrease the chance of recurrence to a CIS breast cancer?
Radiation
61
After undergoing right breast surgery, patient developed shoulder weakness and winging of the right scapula, which nerve is implicated?
Long thoracic nerve
62
Routine screening mammography in women for breast cancer is started at what age?
40
63
The preferred method for diagnosis of palpable or nonpalpable breast abnormalities?
Core needle biopsy
64
Mechanism of characteristic skin retraction in breast cancer?
Desmoplastic response shortens Cooper’s ligaments
65
The type of esophageal hernia where there is an upward dislocation of the cardiac portion of the stomach into the posterior mediastinum
Type 1
66
A tooth abscess which spread to the neck area
Ludwig’s angina
67
A 26 y/o patient after an episode of an alcoholic binge drinking had several episodes of retching and vomiting. Patient started having profuse hematemesis afterward. Endoscopy revealed longitudinal fissures in the mucosa of the herniated stomach with bleeding, what is the diagnosis?
Mallory Weiss tear
68
Topical burn wound therapy that is used mostly for prevention of wound infections, soothing quality, inexpensive, not absorbed systemically, may cause neutropenia and cannot be used for skin graft sites
Silver sulfadiazine
69
Topical burn wound therapy that is used mostly for both treatment and prevention of burn wound infections, can be used on skin grafts and can penetrate eschar, associated with pain on application and absorbed systemically causing metabolic acidosis
Mafenide acetate
70
Topical burn wound therapy that is used mostly as dilute solution with broad antimicrobial activity, it is associated with hyponatremia and methemoglobinemia. Inexpensive but causes black stains on garments
Silver nitrate
71
The most common symptom or presentation of intussusceptions in the adult?
Bowel obstruction
72
Patient is a 7 y/o male who presents with left groin or knee pain, decreased hip motion and a limp. There was no history of injury/fall, xray reveals osteonecrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis, what is the most likely diagnosis
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
73
Patient is an active 14 y/o Male who is part of the schools track and field team, he presents with localized pain and tenderness at the area of the tibial tubercle, xray reveals calcification of the tendon near the tibial tubercle, what is the diagnosis?
Osgood-Schlatter disease
74
Most common cause of cataract?
Aging
75
A 44 y/o female patient presents to the ED with sudden blurring of vision more prominent on the right eye, accompanied by unilateral right sided headache and eye pain, nausea and vomiting, PE: ciliary injection over the right eye, smoky cornea, mid-dilated pupil, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Acute angle closure glaucoma
76
Diagnostic procedures can visualize the anterior chamber angle?
Gonioscopy
77
The intravascular volume or plasma composes how many % of the body weight?
5%
78
The most common cause of volume deficit in surgical patients is
Loss of GI fluids
79
GI secretion with the highest potassium content?
Colon
80
GI secretion with the highest HCO3 content?
Pancreas
81
The most common abnormality of hemostasis that results in bleeding in the surgical patient
Thrombocytopenia
82
Type of shock where cardiac index is increased, systemic vascular resistance is decreased, decreased CVP and decreased mixed venous O2, and no change in venous capacitance
Neurogenic
83
Flail chest?
3 or more contiguous ribs are fractures in at least 2 locations

SURGX (7 decks)

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