PE Terms Flashcards
What is ABDUCTION?
Movement away from the midline of the body.
What is ADDUCTION?
Movement towards the midline of your body.
What is AEROBIC EXERCISE?
Use of oxygen for the duration of the exercise. Usually at moderate intensity, at a continuous rate for example long distance running.
What is AGILITY?
The ability to change direction at speed.
What is AGONIST?
The muscle that works to create the movement.
What is ANTAGONIST?
The muscle that works in the opposite way of the AGONIST.
What is ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLE ACTION?
A pair of muscle that work together to produce movement with one muscle contracting whilst the other muscle relaxes. E.g. The upper arm, as the arm flexes the bicep contracts and the triceps relaxes.
What is ANAEROBIC EXERCISE?
Exercise which does not allow for the predominant usage of oxygen. Usually high it very high intensity for a short period of time. E.g. Sprinting up hill.
What are ARTICULATING BONES?
Bones that move relative to each other at a joint.
What are AXES?
A line around which the body can turn.
What is a BALANCED DIET?
A diet that contains the correct proportions of carbohydrates, gays, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water necessary to maintain good health.
What are BETA BLOCKERS?
A drug used to control heart rhythm and lower blood pressure.
What are BLOOD VESSELS?
Tubular structures that carry blood around the body.
What is BREATHING RATE?
The numbers of breaths taken per minute.
What is CAPILLIARISATION?
The development of blood capillaries in the body which increases through long term effects of exercise.
What is a CARTILAGE?
A tough, elastic, fibrous tissue.
What is a CARDIAC OUTPUT?
The volume of blood pumped per minute by each ventricle of the heart.
CARDIAC OUTPUT=stroke volume x heart rate
What is CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE?
The ability to continue exertion while getting energy from the aerobic system used to supply the body with energy. Also referred to a stamina.
What is CIRCUMDUCTION?
The circular movement of a joint. It is a movement pattern that combines flexion, extension, adduction and abduction.
What is CLOSED SKILL?
Skills that are performed in a predictable environment e.g. A rugby player taking a line out.
what is CARTILAGE?
A tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue.
what is CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE?
The ability to continue exertion while getting energy from aerobic system used to supply the body with energy. Also referred to as stamina.
what is CARDIAC OUTPUT?
The volume of blood pumped per minute per minute by each ventricle of the heart.
Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate.
what is CIRCUMDUCTION?
The circular movement of a joint . It is a movement pattern that combines flexion, extension, adduction and abduction.
what is CLOSED SKILL?
Skills that are performed in a predictable environment. E.G. a player taking a line out in rugby.
what is COMMERCIALISATION?
Links business and commerce into sport with a primary focus of profit which can lead to exploitation.
what are COMPLEX SKILLL
A skill which requires a lot of focus and decision making to perform.
what is CONFIDENCE?
The degree to which a performer believes they have the ability to perform and complete a task with success.
what is CONTINUOUS TRAINING?
Training that involves activity without rest intervals. It can be performed at any intensity.
what is a COOL DOWN?
The act of allowing physiological activity to return to normal gradually after strenuous exercise by engaging in less strenuous exercise.
what is CORONARY HEART DISEASE?
Where the blood vessels are narrowed and blood flow and Oxygen to the heart is reduced.
what is DISCRIMINATION?
The unfair treatment of individuals whereby opportunities are not available to all the different social groups.
what is DEVIANCE?
Behaviour that is either immoral or seriously break of the rules and norms of the sport.
what is DOUBLE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?
The human body has two circulatory loops in which blood circulates. One is oxygenated, and the other is deoxygenated. Systemic - the circulatory loops that controls blood flow from the heart to the rest of the working muscles and organs. Pulmonary - the circulatory loop that controls blood flow from the heart to the lungs.
what is ENERGY BALANCE?
Energy input = energy expenditure. This equation must balance for your body weight to remain constant.
what is ETHNICITY?
A state of belonging to a specific social group with common cultural or national traditions or beliefs.
what is EXERCISE?
Activity that requires physical effort. Usually carried out to sustain or bring about improvements to health or fitness.
what is EXTENSION?
A straightening movement around a joint.
what is FARTLEK TRAINING?
Training which varies in intensity and duration and consists of bursts of intense effort alternating with less strenuous activity.
what is FATIGUE?
Muscle tiredness when the body has a lack of energy.
what is FEEDBACK?
Information that is given to performer either during or after their performance with the aim of improving future performances.
what is a FIXATOR?
A muscle which acts as the stabilizer and helps the agonist work effectively of one part of the body during movement of another part.
what is FIIT?
FIIT outlines the key components of an effective exercise program:
Frequency - the number of times exercise takes place
Intensity - how hardened intense the exercise is
Time - how long you exercise for
Type - the kind of exercise that takes place.
what is FITNESS?
Your ability to meet the physical demands placed on you by the environment.
what is FLEXIBILITY?
Range of movement available around a joint.
what is FLEXION?
A bending movement around a joint in a limb.
what is FRONTAL AXIS OF ROTATION?
An imaginary line which passes through the body horizontally from left to right, allowing flexion and extension.
what is FRONTAL PLANE?
An imaginary line which divides the body from front to back vertically.
what is GAMESMANSHIP?
Where the laws of the game are interpreted in ways, which whilst not illegal, are not in the spirit of the game. pushing the limits to gain unfair advantages.
what is GAS EXCHANGE?
The movement of gases taking place at the alveoli and capillaries.
what is GENDER?
The state of being male or female.
what is the GOLDEN TRIANGLE?
The links ad relationship between sponsorship, sporting events and the media.
what is GUIDANCE?
Given to aid the learning of a skill.
Visual: use of demonstrations that allow the performance to ‘see’ the skill .
Verbal: the coach will explain the technique.
Manual: the coach will physically manipulate the athlete through the skill.
Mechanical: use of apparatus or aids that assists the performer.
what is HEALTH?
The state of emotional, physical and social well being.
what is HEART RATE?
Number of heart beats per minute.
what is HYDRATION?
Having the appropriate level of water in the body for it to function optimally. When this level falls below optimal levels it is referred to as dehydration.
what is HYPERTROPHY?
The increase in size of skeletal or cardiac muscle.
what is INTERVAL TRAINING?
Training that incorporates periods of exercise and rest. circuit training - series of alternate exercises performed at stations that focus on different muscle groups. Weigh training - a method of training that uses free weights or resistance machines. Plyometrics - involves jumping, bounding, hopping exercise. HIIT - exercise that alternates between high intensity and periods of recovery.
what is LACTIC ACID?
A waste product produced in the muscle tissue during strenuous exercise where the anaerobic energy system is in use.
what are LEVERS?
1 st class: A lever in which the fulcrum is positioned between the load and the effort.
2 nd class: A lever has the load and the effort on the same side of the falcrum with the load nearer the fulcrum. 3 rd class: the effort is placed between the load and the fulcrum, and the effort must travel a shorter distance and be greater than the load.
what are LIGAMENTS?
A short band of tough and flexible tissue connecting bones together and stabilise the joint.
what is LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF ROTATION?
An imaginary line which passes through the body from front to back, allowing abduction.
what is REDISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD FLOW?
When you exercise the blood is diverted from inactive areas to the muscles that are being used. This action is completed through vasodilation and vasoconstriction also known as the vascular shunt mechanism.
what is REVERSIBILITY?
Any adaption that takes place as a result of training will be lost if you stop training.
what are ROLE MODELS?
Someone to be looked up to, an example to following.
what is ROTATION?
The turning of a body part about its long axis as if on a pivot.
what is sagittal plane?
An imaginary line which divides the body vertically into left and right sides.
self-esteem
nothing there
what is SIMPLE SKILL?
Consists of basic movement actions that are not difficult to perform with few decisions to make .E.G. A chess pass, a straight up and down jump.
what is a SKILFUL MOVEMENT?
A fluent and coordinated movement which is efficient, technically accurate and aesthetically pleasing.
what is SKILL CONTINUA?
A method of categorising skills along a continuum that that acknowledgement that whilst they are all different they can all be classified according to there level of difficulty.
what is SPECIALITY?
The training must be matched to the needs of a sporting activity and individual.
what is SPEED?
The ability to move quickly across the ground or move limbs rapidly through movement.
what is SPONSORSHIP?
The giving of money or goods to performers in order to get good publicity and/or increase profit.
what is SPORTSMANSHIP?
Ethical, appropriate, polite and fair behaviour while participating in game or athletic event; fair play.
what is STAMINA?
CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE.
what are STEROIDS?
Anabolic steroids are synthetic hormones that enhance physical performance.
what are STIMULANTS?
Drugs used to raise physiological arousal in the body.
what is STRENGTH?
The maximum force a muscle/group of muscles can apply against a resistance.
what is STROKE VOLUME?
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart during each contraction.
What is MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE?
A second class lever allows a large load to be moved with a small amount of effort.
What is MEDIA?
Different forms of communication tags can inform, educate and entertain people including social, Internet, TV and newspapers.
What is MENTAL PREPARATION?
The rehearsal of a physical skill that takes place within the mind of he performer without any actual physical movement.
What is MINUTE VENTILATION?
The volume of gas inhaled or exhaled from the lungs per minute.
