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4 Med > PE of Thorax / Cough > Flashcards

PE of Thorax / Cough Flashcards

1
Q

Breathing pattern seen in increased ICP; meningitis; stroke

A

Biot’s

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2
Q

Increased depth and rate of respiration; seen in metabolic acidosis, hyperventilating patients

A

Kussmaul’s

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3
Q

Apneic followed by gradually increasing depth and ventilation rate

A

Cheyne-Stokes

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4
Q

Prolonged expiration is seen in

A

COPD
asthma
severe bilateral pulmonary fibrosis

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5
Q

High pressure / low pH in breathing centers will stimulate this pattern of breathin

A

Biot’s

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6
Q

Most resistant to fatigue; last to fail in respiration

A

diaphragm

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7
Q

Breathing caused by heart failure, uremia, drug-induced depression, brain damage

A

Cheyne-Stokes

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8
Q

Unpredictable, chaotic pattern

A

Biot’s

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9
Q

Coughing reflex that happens when cleaning ear

A

Arnold’s nerve stimulaion

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10
Q

Breathing pattern response to accumulation and loss of CO2

A

Cheyne-Stokes

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11
Q

Pigeon chest; sternum is convex

A

pectus carinatum

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12
Q

Concave sternum

A

pectus excavatum

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13
Q

Jugular engorgement is seen in

A 
RVF
CHF
facial edema
engorged UE
SVC syndrome (compressed SVC)
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14
Q

Chest shape that explains why right nipple is closer to middle than left

A

pectus excavatum

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15
Q

Chest deformity: nipples looking in opposite directions

A

pectus carinatum

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16
Q

Massive atelectasis to the RIGHT results in what tracheal deviation

A

RIGHT (same side)

atelectasis, PF = ipsilateral

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17
Q

Left pneumothorax results in what tracheal devation

A

RIGHT (opposite side)

pneumothorax, tumor, pleural effusion = contralateral

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18
Q 
Decreased volume of air that is inspired in an affected lung -- seen in 
pneumothorax 
pleural effusion, 
pleural fibrosis, 
significant atelectasis
A

inspiratory lag

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19
Q

Pressure between pleural surfaces becomes so high, the lung and mediastinal structures are pushed inward

A

tension pneumothorax

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20
Q

lung does not slide off smoothly

A

pleural fibrosis

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21
Q

flail chest =

A

multiple rib fractures

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22
Q

Tracheal deviation in pleural fibrosis

A

ipsilateral side

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23
Q

costochondritis is similar to

A

Tietze syndrome

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24
Q

pinpoint tenderness of ribs =

A

rib fracture

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25
Q

intercostal pain seen in

A

pleuritis
empyema
supradiaphragmatic extension of a liver abscess

26
Q

increased fremitus seen in

A 
pneumonia
atelectasis
pulmonary edema
lung tumors
thin chest walls
27
Q

decreased fremitus seen in

A

(when air increases, sound is dampened…or solid mass obstructing sound)

COPD, pleural tumors, pleural fibrosis, pleural effusion, massive atelectasis

28
Q

crackling sensation over skin surface on chest palpitation

A

crepitus

29
Q

crepitus is seen in

A

pneumothorax
tracheostomy
barotrauma

(air escaping to subcu areas)

rule out gas gangrene

30
Q

Consolidation sound on percussion

A

dull

31
Q

COPD, pneumothorax sound on percussino

A

hyperresonant

32
Q

High pitched percussion on abdomen or lower left chest (gastric bubble)

A

tympany

33
Q

Auscultation I>E

A

vesicular

34
Q

Auscultation I<E

A

bronchial

35
Q

Auscultation I=E

A

bronchovesicular, tracheal

36
Q

Location of bronchovesicular sounds

A

ICS 1&2, between scapula

37
Q

Decreased breath sounds:

A

emphysema
pleural effusion
pneumothorax
obesity

38
Q

like wheezes but inspiratory

A

stridor

emergency - large airway obstruction

39
Q

usually due to secretions change in character (sonorous wheezes)

A

rhonchi

40
Q

stridor is seen in

A

epiglottitis, fbao, laryngeal edema, anaphylactic shock

large airway obstruction

41
Q

due to forceful (inspiratory) opening of previously closed alveoli

A

crackles

42
Q

rhonchi associated with

A

(thick secretion)
bronchiectasis
bronchitis

43
Q

dry rales =

A

pleural friction rubs

44
Q

pleural friction rub is seen generally when there is

A

loss of pleural fluids (due to pleuritis)

friction rub between parietal and visceral

45
Q

When eee sound becomes aaay

A

egophony (more nasal)

46
Q

whispered pectoriloquy is seen in

A

alveolar consolidation
partial atelectasis

Sounds become amplified and more intelligible – absence of normal alveoli cannot muffle voice sounds

47
Q

Egophony is seen when there is

A

consolidation above pleural effusion

48
Q

Most common cause of Upper Airway Cough Synd

A

postnasal drip

49
Q

Chronic stimulation of submnucosal lymphoid tissue results in a cobblestone appearance of posterior oropharyngeal mucosa:

A

UACS

50
Q

Asthma without wheezing but cough is termed

A

cough variant asthma

common in children, DDx: COPD

51
Q 
Normal CXR
Normal PFT
(-) airflow obstruction
(-) airway hyper-responsiveness
(+) eosinophil
A

non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB)

52
Q

Non-smoker with normal CXR. Heartburn ater meals.

A

GERD

53
Q

Bronchiectasis is rarely affected when it is located where

A

upper lungs

lower lungs = infection, mucus pooling

54
Q

Wheezing, dyspnea, cough.

Treated with bronchodilators and steroids. No recurrence.

A

postinfective bronchial hyper-responsiveness

55
Q

Cough and normal CXR. What kind of lung cancer?

A

small lesions such as adenoma

56
Q

Lack of stretch receptor stimulation induces cough =

A

restrictive lung diseases

57
Q

Drug associated with cough

A

ACE inhibitors

Beta blockers

58
Q

Nocturnal cough is absent in

A

psychogenic cough

GERD, asthma, and COPD have nocturnal cough

59
Q

Paroxysmal coughing can cause

A

syncope

intrathoracic pressure increases –> pressure on vena cava and aorta –> coronary circulation compromised

60
Q

What other complication of cough aside from paroxysms can cause syncope?

A

post-tussive inhalation

4 Med (4 decks)

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