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4 Med > Acid-Base > Flashcards

Acid-Base Flashcards

1
Q

A/B disorder that predisposes to cardiac arrhytmias, pulmonary congestion, bone calcium loss

A

Met. acidosis

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2
Q

A/B disorder that predisposes to decreased ionized calcium –> hypocalcemia symptoms

A

Resp. alkalosis

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3
Q

A/B disorder that predisposes patient to transient increase in ICP, headache, hypertension

A

Resp. acidosis

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4
Q

normal ABG of pCO2

A

35-45

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5
Q

normal ABG of HCO3

A

22-26

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6
Q

Normal sodium

A

135-145

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7
Q

Normal chloride

A

96-109

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8
Q

Normal potassium

A

3.5-5

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9
Q

Normal total CO2

A

23-30

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10
Q

Ratio of [HCO3] to [CO2] > 20 indicates

A

increase in pH (more basic)

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11
Q

Ratio of [HCO3] to [CO2] < 20 indicates

A

decrease in pH (more acidic)

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12
Q

[CO2] = pCO2 * z

what is z?

A

z = 0.0301

equation to find [CO2] in mmol/L from pCO2

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13
Q

What is the chief determinant of pCO2

A

respiratory-neural drive system

pCO2 is not regulated by CO2 production rates

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14
Q

Regulation of HCO3 is done by

A

renal system

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15
Q

HCO3 is mainly reabsorbed by

A

proximal tubule

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16
Q

Lactic acidosis is secondary to

A

poor tissue perfusion or aerobic disorders

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17
Q

normal AG acidosis =

A

hyperchloremic acidoss

18
Q

ketoacidosis is secondary to

A

incr. FA metab
alcoholic ketoacidosis
starvation

19
Q

Clinical effect: kussmaul breathing

A

metabolic acidosis

respiratory compensation –> increase in ventilation, increase in tidal volume

20
Q

Clinical effect: supraventricular and ventricular arrhytmia

A

metabolic alkalosis

21
Q

Clinical effect: systemic vasodilation, cerebral vasodilation –> increased ICP –> pseudomotorcerebri

A

respiratory acidosis

22
Q

Clinical effect: Chvostek’s sign

A

respiratory alkalosis

facial muscle spasm elicited by facial nerve tap (at parotid)

23
Q

Clinical effect: Trousseau’s sign

A

respiratory alkalosis

carpal spasm occurs when upper arm is compressed

24
Q

Clinical effect:headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion

A

metabolic acidosis

25
Q

Clinical effect:acute cases presents with anxiety, dyspnea, confusion, hallucinations, coma

A

respiratory acidosis

26
Q

Clinical effect:decreased ventilation

A

metabolic alkalosis

27
Q

Clinical effect:decreased myocardial contractility, arrhythmias

A

metabolic acidosis

28
Q

Clinical effect:panic, sense of impending doom, weakness

A

respiratory alkalosis

29
Q

Clinical effect:increased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

A

metabolic acidosis

30
Q

Clinical effect: dyspnea or tachypnea with tremors, sleep disturbances, asterixis

A

respiratory acidosis

31
Q

Clinical effect: paresthesia in hands and feet

A

respiratory alkalosis

32
Q

Clinical effect: decreased calcium, hyper irritabiltiy

A

metabolic acidosis

33
Q

Clinical effect: chronic cases can cause sleep disturbances, memory loss, myclonic jerks, tremors

A

respiratory acidosis

34
Q

Liddle’s syndrome causes

A

metabolic alkaosis

hereditary hypokalemia and hypertension

35
Q

Stage of metabolic alkalosis featuring loss of acid

A

generative stage

36
Q

Stage of metabolic alkalosis where the kidneys fail to compensate because of:

volume contraction 
OR
low GFR 
OR
depleted K+/Cl- ions 
OR
hypoaldosteronism
A

maintenance stage

37
Q

In what type of metabolic acidosis is treatment with alkali withheld?

A

Pure anion gap acidosis due to metabolizable organic acid anion.

Treat underlying problem.

If the problem is excess bicarb excretion in kidneys, then supplemental bicarb therapy is appropriate.

38
Q

Renal artery stenosis can cause

A

metabolic alkalosis

39
Q

Drug used to treat metabolic alkalosis

A

acetazolamide

40
Q

Caused by inadequate elimination of CO2:

severe pulmonary disease, respiratory muscle fatigue, neuromuscular diseases like Guillain-Barre Syndrome, myasthenia gravis

A

respiratory acidosis

41
Q

Caused by a strong ventilatory stimulus. CO2 output exceeds metabolic production.

A

respiratory alkalosis

42
Q

Cushing’s can cause

A

metabolic alkalosis

4 Med (4 decks)

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