P.E Exam Revision Flashcards
Define Physical activity
Any form of bodily movement where energy expenditure is raised above resting levels
Define Physical inactivity
As people undertake insufficient physical activity measurable health outcomes.
Define Sedentary Behavior
The amount of time per day spent sitting or lying down, not including sleeping, engaged in non-active activities. 1.5 MET’s
Define Structured physical activity
Physical activity that is planned.
e.g. going for a run, completing a workout, and netball trainning.
Define Incidental physical activity
Physical activity that is unstructured activity accumulated throughout the day.
e.g. active transport
What is the difference between inactivity and sedentary behavior?
Inactivity is not doing enough physical activity, whereas sedentary behavior is he time spent sitting or laying down while being inactive.
What does GOAL stand for in the Domains of health?
G - Gardening household chores
O - Occupation
A - Active transport
L - Leisure time
Explain Gardening household chores and provide am example
Chores that you carry out around the house and garden providing a important source of physical activity
Example: Sweeping, Vacuuming and weeding
Explain Occupation and provide an example
Physical activity a person performs regularly as a part of their work or occupation.
Example: lifting and packing boxes
Explain Active transport and provide an example
Any form of human powered transport used to get places.
Example: Walking to school or work
Explain Leisure time and provide an example
Performed in personal time outside of work.
Example: Netball, Tennis, Walking the dog
What are the dimensions of physical activity? (DFIT)
Duration
Frequency
Intensity
Type
What are methods for assessing intensity?
Heart rate
Talk test
Rating of perceived exertion
Metabolic equivalent
What is the heart rate in assessing intensity?
A direct linear relation between heart rate and activity intensity. Heart rate is measured in beats per minute, can be measured by a electronic devices.
What is that talk test in assessing intensity?
A test, if you can talk comfortably while being active, you are working at a lower intensity. If you are unable to talk comfortably you are likely to be preforming at a higher intensity.
What is Rating of perceived exertion in assessing intensity?
A subjective estimate of how hard you are working based on how your body feels, this can be inaccurate.
What is Metabolic equivalent in assessing intensity?
1 MET represents the energy expenditure at resting rates. 4 MET’s represents activity expenditure four times that at rest.
What are examples of Socio-cultural influences?
- Historical
- Social
- Cultural
- Environmental
- Geographic
- Personal factors
Trends relating to physical activity or sedentary behaviors
- 18 year’s+ average 33 minutes of physical activity per day.
- 18 years+ have a sedentary leisure just over 4 hours per day on average.
- 5-17 year old’s had just over 60% average at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day.
What are some physical benefits of regular physical activity?
- Reduces risk of disease.
- Strengthens bones and muscles.
- Manages weight.
What are some social benefits of regular physical activity?
- Encourages social interaction
- Peer acceptance
- More reliable
What are some mental benefits of regular physical activity?
- Reduces anxiety
- Improves self-esteem
- Increased satisfaction with oneself
What are some emotional benefits of regular physical activity?
- Reduces feelings of stress.
- Able to recognize emotions.
- Express emotions correctly.
Define type 2 diabetes
A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose). With type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin, or it resists insulin.
List 5 conditions associated with obesity
- High blood pressure (hypertension).
- Coronary heart disease.
- Stroke.
- Gallbladder disease.
- Osteoarthritis
What are the BMI classifications for underweight, overweight and obese?
If your BMI is less than 18.5, it falls within the underweight range.
If your BMI is 25.0 to less than 30, it falls within the overweight range.
If your BMI is 30.0 or higher, it falls within the obesity range.
What % of Australian adults are considered overweight or obese?
57.3% of Australian adults are considered overweight or obese.
What are the youth physical activity recommendations (13-17)?
- 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity daily. Aerobic activities.
- 3 days a week of muscle and bone activities.
- Engage in more physical activity - 7 hours a day max.
What are the youth sedentary behaviour recommendations (13-17)?
- Limit use of electronic media for entertainment to no more than 2 hours a day - lower levels are associated with reduced health risks.
- Break up long periods of sitting as often as possible.
Adult Physical activity recommendations (18-64)
- Doing any is better than doing none. if you currently do none, start by doing some, and gradually build up to the recommended amount.
- Be active on most, preferably all, days of the week.
Adult sedentary behaviour recommendations (18-64)
- Minimise the amount of time spent in prolonged sitting.
- Break up long periods of sitting as often as possible.
Why do we measure physical activity levels at a population level?
To document the frequency and distribution of physical activity in defined groups. To evaluate the effectiveness of any change in physical activity intervention programs.
Why do we measure physical activity levels at a individual level?
To detect change in an individuals health and/or behaviour. To determine the effect of any change in physical activity behaviour.
Define Subjective measure
Data collection that requires some level of cognitive or perceptional processing by the participation to create the data. e.g. interviews, logs, diaries, and self reports.
Advantage and disadvantage of subjective measures.
Advantages
- Cheap and easy to use
- Data on dimension
Disadvantages
- Participants may have difficulty recalling information.
- Inaccurate
Define Objective measures
Data collection that does not need the participant to process information and exists independently of what the participant thinks.
Advantages and Disadvantages for objective measures.
Advantages
- low impact on participant
- Increases fitness awareness
- Allows for a range of data to be collected
- Not likely to be reactive/responsive
Disadvantages
- Not suitable for large groups
- Expensive
- Influence physical activity levels/patterns
What is a recall survey?
A subjective measure. The participant recalls all of the physical activity they completed in the given time period.
What is a Diary/Log?
A subjective measure. They are ongoing diaries or logs in an attempt to capture all sources and patterns of physical activity during a set time period. Measures physical activity but not sedentary behaviour.
What is a pedometer?
An objective measure that assesses the total number of steps taken and some models can estimate the total distance travelled, time of movement and energy expenditure.
What is a accelerometer?
An objective measure that has an electronic motion sensor that detect movement in a vertical plaine as a combined function of frequency and intensity of the movement.
What is Direct Observation?
A objective measure that involves watching individuals behave in a particular environment such as homes etc. Systems for observing play and leisure activity in youth (SOPLAY). Systems for observing fitness institution time (SOFIT).
Define a enabler
Enablers of physical activity are people or things that make it possible to participate in physical activity.
Example: Having support.
Define a barrier
Barriers are obsticals that block or impede access to physical activity.
Example: Lack of access to facilities.
What are the 5 man barriers to physical activity?
- Lack of time
- Dislike of exercise
- Feeling too tired
- Lack of company
- Lack of money
Demographic Category as an enabler and barrier
Enabler: Nice weather conditions
Barrier: Lack of access to facilites
Social Category as an enabler and barrier
Enabler: Parental support
Barrier: Lack of company
Cultural Category as an enabler and barrier
Enabler: Want to learn new things
Barrier: Beliefs and values of culture
Environment Category as an enabler and barrier
Enabler: Nice facilities
Barrier: No street lights on walking paths
What is the Social Ecological Model (SEM) ?
This model considers the complex interplay between individual, relationship, community, and societal factors. It allows us to understand the range of factors that put people at risk for violence or protect them from experiencing or perpetrating violence.
List the influencing factors at an individual level
- Demographics
- Biological
- Cognitive or effective
- Behavioural
List examples of interventions on an individual level
- Support groups
- Educational programs
- Mass media
- Organisational incentives directed at individuals
List influencing factors at a social level
- Supportive behaviours
- Social climate
- Culture
List examples of interventions on an social level
- Organised social competitions
- Focus on changing the culture.
List influencing factors at a physical environment level, both natural and Man-made
Natural
- Weather
- Geographical location
Man-Made
- Transportation environment
- Recreation infrastructure
- Information environment
- Architectural environment
List interventions in the physical environment
- Improve availability
- New recreation/sporting facilities
- Improve lighting and walking paths
List influencing factors at a policy level
- Policies governing incentives for activity or inactivity.
- Policies governing resources and infrastructure relating to activity or inactivity.
List interventions at a policy level
- Incentives, resources and infrastructure for activity and inactivity.
- Pay employees $500 more if they use the gym.
- Polices to restrict mobile phone use during lunch breaks.
Define individual approaches of physical activity promotional strategies.
Reducing physical inactivity involves change to individual behaviour and the environment.
