P.E. Flashcards
Smell for odors of the breath
Sweet smell =
diabetic ketoacidosis
Smell for odors of the breath
Ammonia =
uremia
Smell for odors of the breath
Musty fish =
hepatic failure
Smell for odors of the breath
Foul/feculent =
intestinal obstruction/diverticulum
Smell for odors of the breath
Foul/putrid =
respiratory infection (emphysema, lung abscess, bronchiectasis)
Smell for odors of the breath
Halitosis =
gingivitis, Vincent’s angina
Smell for odors of the breath
Cinnamon =
tuberculosis
Apnea is defined as
Absence of spontaneous respirations
Dyspnea is defined as
the feeling or sensation that one cannot breath well enough
effort/work, chest tightness, and air hunger
Secondary Apnea is defined as
Grave condition in which breathing stops and will not spontaneously start again unless resuscitative measures are immediately instituted.
Orthopnea is defined as
Shortness of breath that begins or increases when the patient lies down; ask whether the patient needs to sleep on more than one pillow and whether that helps
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is defined as
A sudden onset of shortness of breathe after a
period of sleep; sitting upright is helpful.
Platypnea is defined as
Dyspnea increase in the upright posture
Tachypnea is defined as
A persistent respiratory rate faster than 20 and approaching 25 breaths per minute.
(May be observed in those with metabolic acidosis).
Bradypnea is defined as
A rate slower than 12 respirations per minute
-may indicate neurologic or electrolyte disturbance, infection or a sensible response to protect against the pain of pleurisy
-may also indicate a splendid level of
cardiorespiratory fitness
Cheyne Stokes Respirations is defined as
A regular periodic pattern of breathing, with intervals of apnea followed by a crescendo/decrescendo
Biot Respirations is defined as
Somewhat irregular respirations varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of apnea but lacking the repetitive pattern of periodic respirations of Cheyne Stokes.
Hyperpnea is defined as
Respirations greater than 20, and deep (hyperventilation)
Kussmaul breathing is defined as
Rapid, deep and labored respiratory pattern associated with metabolic acidosis.
Eupnea is defined as
Regular comfortable breathing at a rate of 12-20 breaths per minute
diaphragmatic excursion is usually what length
3-6 cm
What sound
Are deeper, more rumbling, more pronounced during EXPIRATION, more likely to be prolonged and continuous, and less discrete than crackles
-teds to disappear with sounds
Rhonchi (Sonorous Wheeze)
What sound
Abnormal sound heard more often during inspiration and characterized by discrete discontinuous sounds, each lasting just a few milliseconds.
-will NOT be cleared by coughing
Crackles
What sound
A high-pitched, wheezing sound caused by disrupted airflow, usually caused by blockage in the larynx or trachea
-Can be inspiratory or expiratory
Stridor
What sound
Occurs outside the respiratory tree, it has a dry, crackly low pitched sound and is heard in both expiration and inspiration
-disappears when the breath is held
Friction Rub
What sound
It is a continuous, high pitched, musical sound (almost a whistle) heard during inspiration or expiration
Wheezes (Sibilant Wheeze)
lateral curvature/deviation of the spine
Scoliosis
excessive curvature of the lumbar spine.
Lordosis
Hyper-resonance indicates
hyperinflation of lungs
Dullness indicates
lung consolidation
