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PDX 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Articular or Extra-articular Structures

Joint Capsule
Articular Cartilage
Synovium and synovial fluid
Intra-articular ligaments
Juxta-articular bone

A

ARTICULAR

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2
Q

Articular or Extra-articular Structures

peri-articular ligaments
tendons
bursae
muscle
fascia
bone
nerve
overlying skin

A

Extra-articular

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3
Q

Articular or Extra-articular Disease

Swelling
Tenderness
Limit active and passive ROM

A

Articular

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4
Q

Articular or Extra-articular Disease

Involve selective portions of joint
Movement dependent

A

Extra-articular

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5
Q

What type of synovial joint is found in the shoulder and hip

freely movable

A

Spheriodal (ball and socket)

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6
Q

What type of synovial joint is found in the IP joints, hand and foot, elbow

freely movable

A

Hinge

movement in 1 plane

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7
Q

What type of synovial joint is found in the knee and TMJ?

freely movable

A

Condylar (hinges and glides)

2 articulating surfaces

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8
Q

Fibrous joints are immovable and are found where?

A

skull sutures

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9
Q

audible or palpable “crunching” sound
rubbing of ligament/tendon over bone or bone over bone

A

CREPITUS

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10
Q

Red Flags of Lower Back Pain

age, weight, time of day, history, present issues

A

> 50 yrs
History of Cancer
Unexplained weight loss
Pain at Night, worsening with rest, lasting more than one month, un-responsive to treatment
History of IV drug use
Current infection

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11
Q

motion by the patient vs motion by the examiner?

A

Active – patient
passive – physician

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12
Q

signs of inflammation and arthritis

SWTRP

A

Swelling
Warmth
Tenderness
Redness
Pain

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13
Q

SITS muscles of the shoulder

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres ,inor
Subscapularis

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14
Q

Predictors of Rotator Cuff Tear

A

Supraspinatus weakness on abduction
Infraspinatus weakness on external rotation

Positive impingement sing – Neers or Hawkings sign

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15
Q

What test is this / what does is diagnose?

Adduct arm across chest –> PAIN

A

Crossover Test – AC Joint Injury
inflammation or arthritis

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16
Q

What test is this / diagnoses what ?

IR and raise arm while compressing scapula –> PAIN

A

NEER’s impingement test
= ROTATOR CUFF TEAR

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17
Q

What test is this / what does is diagnose?

shoulder and elbow flexed to 90 degrees and then IR arm –> PAIN

A

Hawkin’s Impingement Test
ROTATOR CUFF TEAR

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18
Q

What test is this / what does is diagnose?

abduct arm with thumb down, ask patient to resist pressure –> weakness to resist

A

possible rotator cuff tear
EMPTY CAN TEST

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19
Q

What test is this / what does is diagnose?

Abduct arm to 90 degrees and slowly lowering to side –> inability to slowly lower

A

DROP ARM TEST
possible rotator cuff tear

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20
Q

a positive VALGUS stress test indicates

push from lateral to medial –> Pain

A

MCL Tear

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21
Q

a postive VARUS stress test indicates

push from medial to lateral –> PAIN

A

LCL tear

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22
Q

What test would indicate a potential ACL tear?

Lacmans test – pull anterior with knee 15 degrees

A

Anterior Drawer Test

pull anterior with knee 90 degrees –> increased excursion

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23
Q

What test would indicate a possible PCL tear?

A

Posterior Drawer

push poterior with knee 90 degrees

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24
Q

What test could check for a meniscal injury?

A

MCMURRAY Test

rotate and flex/extend – click or tenderness

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25
Q

What test is this; weakness on thumb abduction is a positive test

CARPAL TUNNEL

A

Finkelstein’s Test

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26
Q

you are tapping lightly over the course of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel for median nerve compression … what are you testing for

A

TINEL SIGN

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27
Q

WHAT TEST IS THIS

hold hands at right angles with wrist flexed and hold for 60 seconds –> reproduces symptoms

A

Phalens Sign

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28
Q

What are the nodules on dorsal DIP called?

A

HERBEDEN’s Nodes

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29
Q

What are the nodules on dorsal PIP called?

A

Bouchard’s Nodes

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30
Q

RA = fusiform/spindle shaped swelling is most common where?

A

Acute = PIP
Chronic = MCP and PIP

fingers may deviate toward ulnar side

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31
Q

Name the deformity

hyperextended PIP
flexed DIP

A

SWAN NECK

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32
Q

name the deformity

hyperextended DIP
Flexed PIP

A

Boutonniere

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33
Q

THENAR atrophy vs HYPOTHENAR atrophy

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome – THENAR
Ulnar nerve compression – HYPOTHENAR

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34
Q

tenderness over anatomical snuffbox
increased risk of avascular necrosis of scaphoid bone

what do you suspect!

A

Scaphoid Fracture

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35
Q

What disease!

tenderness over the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons

Finkelstein test tuck thumb inside first - ulnar wrist deviation = pain

A

De Quervian tenosynovitis

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36
Q

primary hip flexor =

A

iliopsoas

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37
Q

primary extensor of the hop =

A

gluteus maximus

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38
Q

Genu Varum vs Genu Valgum

A

VARUM = BOWED Legs
VALGUM = KNOCK Knees

Genu Recurvatum = Back Knee - extend past normal

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39
Q

How do you test acuity of central vision?

A

Snellen Eye chart
Rosenbaum – also tests near vision

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40
Q

Visual Acuity Recording

First number indicates
Second Number indicates

A

First # = distance from eye to chart
2nd # = distance at which normal eye can read letters

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41
Q

Legally Blind acuity recording =

A

20/200

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42
Q
A

SO4
LR6
Rest are 3

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43
Q

swelling of optic disc due to increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma) =

A

papilledema

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44
Q

What is the normal cup:disc ratio

A

0.3

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45
Q

When looking at a patient with hypertension using a funduscope, the arteries appear …

A

NARROW
Arteriovenous Nicking
Copper wiring of arterioles
Cotton Wool Spots

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46
Q

When looking at a patient with diabetes using a funduscope, you notice …

A

Neovascularitzation
Microaneurysms

47
Q

Patient presents with diffusely red eye, painful, decreased vision
Ciliary injuection = dilation of deep blood vessels

A

Uveitis (Iritis)

48
Q

patient with narrow angle glaucoma, has increased pressure in their eye due to what?

A

decreased drainage of aqueous humor

49
Q

You suspect your patient has Marcus Gunn Pupil, you swing your flashlight into the abnormal eye and you see what?

afferent pupillary defect

A

Dilation of both pupils

50
Q

You are conducting a flashlight test on a patient with syphillis you observe …

A

small irregular pupils that accommodate (constrict) but dont react to light

51
Q

misalignment of the eyes =

A

hypertropia

52
Q

unequal pupil size

A

anisocoria

53
Q

irregular curvature of cornea/lens
blurry vision

A

Astigmatism

54
Q

loss of lens elasticity causing decreased ability to foucs on near objects
seen with aging

A

Presbyopia

55
Q

What clinical triad is seen with Horner’s Syndrome?

damage to reticulospinal fibers

A

Ptosis
Miosis
Anhidrosis

56
Q

sudden onest, “thunderclap”, worst headache of my life can be indicative of …

A

Subarachinoid hemorrhage

57
Q

lazy eye =

A

amblyopia

58
Q

small bump in the eyeleid caused by a blockage of a ting oil gland

A

Chalazion

styes = hordeolum

59
Q

conductive loss results from problems in what part of the ear?

A

External/MIddle Ear

60
Q

sensorineural loss arises from problems in what part of the ear?

A

Innter Ear/Cochlear Nerve

61
Q

When bone conduction is longer than or equal to air conduction it indicates what kind of loss

BC > AC

A

CONDUCTIVE loss

62
Q

When air conduction is longer than bone conduction, it indicates what kind of loss?

AC > BC

A

Sensorineural Loss

63
Q

musical ringing or a rushing or a roaring noise in one or both ears =

A

Tinnitus

64
Q

drainage from the nose, often associated with nasal congestion, sense of stuffiness/obstruction

A

Rhinorrhea

65
Q

Differences in hair with HYPERthyroidism vs. HYPOthyrodisim

A

HYPER – FINE/SILKY Hair
HYPO – coarse/sparse hair

66
Q

infection of the ear canal =

pain with auricle movement

A

Otitis externa

67
Q

infection of middle ear

erythema, distortion/bulging of TM

A

otitis media

68
Q

What test checks conductive and what checks localization?

A

RINNE Test – conductive

WEBER – Localization

69
Q

Where is the Wharton’s duct located?

A

base of the tongue, ducts of the submandibular gland

70
Q

Proteinuria and Hematuria are seen in nephritic syndrome, but only what is seen in nephortic syndrome?

A

Nephortic = proteinuria

71
Q

defective articulation =

its a SPEECH disorder

A

dysarthria

72
Q

language disorder =

A

dysphasia

73
Q

disorder in producing or understanding LANGUAGE

A

aphasia

74
Q

inability to perform particular purposive actions

A

APRAXIA

75
Q

nonfluent aphasia =

A

BROCAS Aphasia

Broken Speech

76
Q

Receptive/Fluent Aphasia =

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

word salad

77
Q

Patient has wernickes aphasia, the location of the lesion is …

A

Posterior Superior temporal lobe

78
Q

Your patient has Broca’s Aphasia, where is the location of lesion

A

Posterior Inferior FRONTAL lobe

79
Q

inability or difficulty ambulating

A

ATAXIA

80
Q

Spasticity is increased resistance that worsens at the extremes of range.
This is seen in what type of tract diseases?

rate dependent, increasing with rapid movement

A

Corticospinal

rigidity is not rate dependent

81
Q

Bell’s Palsy is due to a lesion in what CN?

motor loss in both upper and lower face

A

CN VII

82
Q

Patient is unable to close eyelids, has no facial expression, facial droop, and cant raise eyelids. You suspect …

A

Bells Palsy

83
Q

3 superficial reflexes

A

Abdominal, Plantar and Anal

84
Q

Test for Meningitis

flex hip and knee –> NECK PAIN

A

Kernig Sign

85
Q

Test for meningitis

Flex neck –> bending of knee

A

Brudzinski’s Sign

86
Q

the common causes of great toe dorsiflexion weakness are due to what nerve palsy?

A

Peroneal nerve palsy (failing to actively extend the ankle) or an L5 radiculopathy (isolated toe problem)

87
Q

abnormality of rapid alternating movements indicates ….

A

dysdiadochokinesis

88
Q

When theres an abnormality in point to point movements …

A

dysmetria

89
Q

brief, rapid, jerky, irregular movements

Ex: Sydenham’s

A

CHOREA

90
Q

twisting, writhing choreiform movements

cerebral palsy

A

Athetosis

91
Q

3D’s

A

delirium
depression
dementia

92
Q

this system classifies newborn neurologic recovery from birth and immediate adaptation to extra uterine life

A

APGAR score

93
Q

this scoring system estimates gestational age to within 2 weeks, even in extremely premature infants

A

Ballard Scoring System

94
Q

ability to selectively and progressively shut out negative stimuli

repetitve sound

A

HABITUATION

95
Q

standard to measure developmental milestones throughout infancy and childhood

A

Denver Developmental Screening Test

personal social, fine motor-adaptive, language, gross motor

96
Q

blue discoloration of hands and feet in the cold

A

Acrocyanosis

97
Q

fine, downy hair growth over body at birth

A

Languo

98
Q

smooth, white, raised areas without erythema due to sebum retention in sebaceous gland opening

A

Milia

99
Q

dark, bluish pigmentation over buttocks and lumbar region that disappears during childhood

A

Mongolian Spots

100
Q

When do anterior and posterior fontanelles close?

A

Posterior = 2 mo
Anterior = 4-26 mo

101
Q

Enlarged fontanelle is seen in what congenital problem?

A

congenital hypothyroidism

102
Q

Bulging fontanelle can be seen with what pressure issue?

A

INC intracranial pressure

103
Q

if jaundice happens within the first 24hrs of birth, it may be due to what?

A

Hemolytic disease

2-3 weeks after – biliary osbtruction/liver disease

104
Q

newborn swelling over occipito-parietal region
crosses suture lines

resolves in 1-2 days

A

Caput succedaneum

105
Q

newborn sub-periosteal hemorrhage
does NOT cross suture lines

resovles within 3 weeks

A

Cephalohematoma

106
Q

pre-mature closure of cranial sutures –> abnormally shaped skull

A

Craniosynostosis

107
Q

tiny white or yellow, rounded muscous retention cysts are locaated along the posterio midline of the hard palate

A

Epsteins Pearls

108
Q

Test for signs of hip dysplasia

test for relocating posterior dislocated hip

baby supine – flex/abduct hip – movement of fem head back into place

A

ORTOLANI TEST

109
Q

test for signs of hip dysplasia

tests for ability to subluxe or dislocate an intact, unstable hip

baby is supine, flex and ADDUCT hip

A

barlow test

110
Q

until what age is a positive babinksi response normal

A

2 yo

111
Q

decreased arterial perfusion to peripheral tissues is caused by

hair loss over LE, pain w/exertion, muscle atrophy

A

atherosclerosis

112
Q

What test can be used in the diagnosis of DVT of the leg

A

Homan’s Sign

113
Q

What test is used to ensure the patency of the ulnar artery before puncturing the radial artery for blood samples

A

ALLEN Test

PDX (2 decks)

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