PDSB Manual Flashcards
What are the components of the work situation model?
- Organizational practices
- Environment
- Equipment
- Individuals (Client and Caregiver)
- Time
- Task
Inane given work situation, people perform tasks in a specific working environment, with specific equipment, and in a specific amount of time. All determined by organizational practices.
What determines a client’s need for assistance?
The client’s capabilities.
- Varies from one client to another
- One client’s capabilities may vary over time
- Client’s strength, balance, coordination
- Clients who can choose and direct their own actions.
A client who requires supervision:
Physical Capabilities:
- Can perform natural movement
- Sufficient strength, balance, coordination in arms and legs to perform transfer or use equipment
Cognitive Capabilities:
-Needs help to choose and direct his action: lack initiative and motivation, memory problems…
A client who need physical assistance to compensate for partial disability:
Physical:
- Not enough strength to initiate natural movement required for transfer.
- Still able to bear some weight
- Balance and or coordination problems.
Cognitive:
-Able to choose and direct action or needs help.
A client who needs physical assistance to compensate for total disability:
Physical: Unable to perform natural movement for transfer.
- Cannot weight bear
- Unable to make a significant effort during transfer.
Cognitive: Able or unable to choose and direct actions.
What capabilities of the client should you check first?
How do you check them?
Before a transfer make sure there are no contraindications to movement.
- Ability to pay attention
- Assess when you free the client (make eye contact)
- Try a verbal contact - Ability to move arms and legs
- Ask them to squeeze your hand to check mobility and strength (check both sides)
- Ask pt to put on socks and shoes
- Bend knees over bed and swing legs
- Ask client to sit on the side of the bed - Ability to maintain a sitting position w/ out support.
- Ask pt to touch your hands to see if he is able to maintain a sitting position without support
What are the steps involved in preparing to transfer?
- Collect information and assess the work situation.
- What needs to be done? (move client)
- What is the client like? (heigh/weight, capabilities-physical, sensory, cognitive, communication, motivation and cooperation, pain and suffering)
- What equipment is available? (good condition, adjusted, well placed)
- What is the environment like? (adequate space, free of obstacles, dry floor, lighting)
- When does it need to be done? (Time of day and time available) - Make a decision
- Choose a safe strategy
- Prepare the equipment and the work place
- Determine what help is needed from a co-worker - Communicate
- Ask for help and wait for them to come
- Explain procedure to client and co-worker
What does supervision consist of?
- Guiding and stimulating the pt.
- Caregiver effort is minimal and includes:
- Prepare equipment
- Plan route, supports needed and clear path.
- Client does transfer themselves. Physical effort client>caregiver.
- Only client uses equipment required for transfer
- Caregiver can give verbal instructions and hand signals.
- Use natural movements- respect client’s own way of doing things as long as they are safe.
How do you prepare to supervise a movement (6 steps)?
What are the rules for supervision (3)
1.
- Find out about the client’s capabilities and condition
- Check current capabilities
- Organize equipment, accessories, supports; adjust them and test their solidity.
- Clear a path
- Memorize the sequence of natural movement
- Explain transfer to client
- Make contact w/ client (eye or touch)
Guide the client step-by-step using words and hand signals
Act out movements as necessary
What does partial assistance consist of?
- Caregiver compensates for client’s disabilities
- Two critical variables for successful partial assistance: client’s reaction and caregiver’s safety
- More effort is provided by the caregiver then for supervision. (Provide support, create momentum, stabilize the client’s position)
- Amount of effort required by the caregiver depends on the client’s capabilities
- Caregiver and client work as a team
- Communication is essential
How does distance from the load relate to the stress on the back?
Stand close to the load, because the farther away your body is from the load the greater the pressure on your lower back. By standing close you reduce this pressure.
Pressure lower back can cause injuries (like a herniated disc)
when lifting a load at arm’s length and bending forward the pressure on lower back is 10 times greater, then if holding close to chest with a straight back.
What increases pressure at the shoulder?
Working w/ arms extended out from the body creates a significant pressure at the shoulder.
Creates compression at the shoulder which can lead to injuries like bursitis or tendonitis.
Keep arms as close as possible to the body while working.
What are the positioning principles?
Feet apart Feet pointed Back: no twisting Straight back Knees Bent
What are the holding principles?
Solid Grip Gentle hold Close contact Arms wrapped around client Use handholds Block sliding points Encourage pt to participate
What are the Movement Principles?
Provide only as much assistance as required
Tell the client what to do
Respect natural movement
Roll, slide or pivot the client rather than lifting
Use weight transfer and/or counterweight to provide effort
Perform movements one at a time, step-by-step
Pull the client towards you rather than pushing
