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Project Development & Documentation > PDD > Flashcards

PDD Flashcards

1
Q

Used at the head of an aluminum storefront system to accommodate the deflection of the structure

A

slip joint

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2
Q

Types of Cement

A

I - Standard Cement - used for most general construction
II - Modified Cement - used in places where a modest amount of sulfate resistance is needed and heat of hydration needs to be controlled (i.e. dams, massive structures)
III - High-early-strength Cement - used where a quick set is needed; also suitable for cold weather concrete because it has a higher heat of hydration
IV - Low-heat Cement - used in massive structures to minimize cracking; slow setting
V - Sulfate-resisting Cement - used for structures that will be exposed to water or soil with a high alkaline content

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3
Q

Precast concrete members can be a maximum of ___ ft wide

A

14 ft

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4
Q

Materials or assemblies with a high noise reduction coefficient (NRC) generally have a ___

A

low STC

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5
Q

Reinforcing rebar size numbers equal the number of ____ of an inch across the diameter

A

eighths

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6
Q

What is used to minimize corner chipping of concrete?

A

chamfer strips

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7
Q

In masonry walls, water is prevented from seeping back into the wall through capillary action by using what?

A

drips

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8
Q

Asphalt impregnated building paper is used under siding primarily to

A

increase the water resistance of the wall

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9
Q

A joint that is typically used where an addition meets an existing building to allow the two sections to move independently of one another is called an

A

isolation joint

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10
Q

A weak section intentionally created in the slab so that normal temperature and stress cracking will occur along the joint instead of at random locations

A

control joint

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11
Q

Occurs wherever there are two successive pours

A

construction joint

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12
Q

Allows entire sections of a concrete structure to move independently of one another - complex fabrications

A

expansion joint

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13
Q

Method of forming that moves as the concrete cures - used to form continuous surfaces such as tunnels and high rise building cores

A

slip forming

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14
Q

Types of Cement Mortar

A

N - most commonly used for exterior, above grade walls exposed to severe weather
S - suitable for at or below grade applications due to its higher compressive strength
M - has highest compressive strength and is recommended for harder stone and walls bearing heavy loads
O - limited to interior non-load-bearing walls, tuck pointing, and historic structures

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15
Q

Types of Brick

A

SW - Severe Weathering
MW - Moderate weathering
NW - negligible weathering

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16
Q

Two broad categories of specifications

A

Prescriptive Specifications - specify brand names and tell the contractor exactly what product or material to use
Performance Specifications - tell what results the final construction assembly should achieve

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17
Q

Types of prescriptive specifications

A

Proprietary specifications - most restrictive and require use of a specific manufacturer’s product
Base bid with alternates - calls out a product but allows the substitution of other products that the contractor determines to be equal to the one stated

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18
Q

Specification type that encourages competitive bidding

A

performance specifications

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19
Q

Types of performance specifications

A

Descriptive specification - gives detailed descriptions of material or product but does not mention trade names

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20
Q

Plywood veneer grades

A

N - freeform defects but is only available on special order
A - smooth and paintable with few knots or defects and is most commonly available
B - allows for plugged knotholes but has a smooth surface
C - allows small knotholes and some splits
D - allows for larger knotholes

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21
Q

What type of plywood is used for roof sheathing

A

C-D Exterior

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22
Q

Architectural woodwork for installation in the south-western United States should have a moisture content of

A

4-9%

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23
Q

What is the building code requirement for pairs of exit doors with astragals?

A

coordinator

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24
Q

According to most building codes, horizontal masonry reinforcement is required every ___ inches

A

16 inches

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25
Q

What is the most important fire-resistance property of a CMU partition

A

equivalent thickness

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26
Q

The solid thickness that would result if the concrete contained in a hollow unit were recast without core holes

A

equivalent thickness

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27
Q

The allowable stress ratings for lumber in the building codes are based primarily on what?

A

species

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28
Q

Which pedestrian walk material provides the best positive grade-level drainage away from a building

A

concrete

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29
Q

Difference in pressure between the top and bottom of a building due to a temperature differential

A

stack effect

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30
Q

The part of a building envelope that controls infiltration and exfiltration

A

Air barrier

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31
Q

Transfers heat between two airstreams through the use of a heat exchanger wheel

A

Energy transfer wheels (enthalpy heat exchangers)

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32
Q

How to calculate the needed capacity of a refrigeration machine in tons

A

calculated total heat gain in Bty/hr / 12,000

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33
Q

Types of metal conduit

A

Rigid steel conduit
Intermediate metal conduit (IMC)
Electric metallic tubing (EMT) / flex

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34
Q

used to allow outdoor air to be used for cooling when temperatures are low enough; adjusts dampers on the return air ducts and fresh air intakes

A

economizer cycle

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35
Q

Efficiency of a luminaire in a particular space

A

coefficient of utilization

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36
Q

Which type of pipe is used for sanitary lines in nonresidential buildings

A

cast iron

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37
Q

Types of fire extinguishers

A 
A - Cloth, wood, rubber, paper, plastics
B - Gasoline, grease, oil
C - Electrical fires
D - Combustible metals
K - Kitchen fires
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38
Q

An architect is designing a decorative wood grille wall covering in a building lobby. The grille is attached to a gypsum board partition with metal clips. Which item should be checked first?

A

flame - spread rating

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39
Q

Uniform Drawing System (UDS) standard organization of construction drawings

A 
General
Hazardous materials
survey/mapping
geotechnical
Civil
Landscape
Structural
Architectural
Interiors
Equipment
Fire protection
Plumbing
Mechanical
Electrical
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40
Q

Organization of architectural drawings

A 
Title and Index
demo plan
floor plans
rcp
roof plans
exterior elevations
interior elevations
building sections
wall sections
exterior details
interior details
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41
Q

Elements of the contract documents

A

Addendums, general conditions of the contract, change orders, specifications, AIA docs

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42
Q

Five characters used to identify a drawing sheet

A

AANNN
AA - Discipline designator
N -Sheet type designator
NN - Sheet sequence number

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43
Q

Letter designations for consultants on drawing sheets

A 
A - Architectural
E - Electrical
FP - Fire Protection
I  - Interiors
M - Mechanical
S - Structural
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44
Q

Digit designations for drawing types

A 
0 - general
1 - plans
2 - elevations
3 - sections
4 - large scale views
5 - details
6 - schedules and diagrams
7 & 8 - user-defined drawing types that don't fall into other categories
9 - 3D representations
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45
Q

A bound book or series of volumes containing all contract and non contract documents for a construction project other than the drawings

A

project manual

  • bidding requirements
  • contract information (owner-contractor agreement, bond forms, etc)
  • general and supplementary conditions of the contract
  • technical specifications
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46
Q

14 Specification Divisions

A 
00 - Procurement and contracting requirements
01 - General requirements
02 - Existing Conditions
03 - Concrete
04 - Masonry
05 - Metals
06 - Wood, Plastics, Composites
07 - Thermal and Moisture Protection
08 - Openings
09 - Finishes
10 - Specialties
11 - Equipment
12 - Furnishings
13 - Special Construction
14 - Conveying Equipment
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47
Q

The procedure for submitting shop drawings for architectural woodwork is specified in MasterFormat Division __?

A

01

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48
Q

Design strength of concrete in psi after curing for 28 days

A

3000psi

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49
Q

minimum clear floor space for one stationary wheelchair

A

30x48

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50
Q

Internal resistance to deformation

A

stress

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51
Q

Walls designed to carry lateral loads

A

shear walls

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52
Q

Column and beam lines designed to carry wind loads are called

A

bents

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53
Q

The direct wind pressure on a vertical surface is directly proportional to

A

the square of the wind velocity

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54
Q

3 series of open web steel joists

A

K - Standard
LH - long span
DLH - deep long span

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55
Q

span to depth ration of a plywood diaphragm system

A

4:1

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56
Q

When designing for wind forces, maximum drift should be limited to ___ of a building’s height

A

1/500

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57
Q

concrete slab where reinforcement is run in one direction perpendicular to the beams supporting the slab

A

one way slab

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58
Q

concrete slab where rebars run in both directions and the applied loads are distributed in all directions; must use square column bays

A

two way slab

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59
Q

Types of retaining walls

A

Gravity wall
Cantilever wall
Counterfort wall

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60
Q

type of retaining wall that resists the forces on it by its own weight and by soil pressure and friction against its surface opposite to the earth forces - most used for low retaining walls up to 10 ‘

A

gravity wall

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61
Q

type of retaining wall constructed of reinforced concrete - resists forces by the weight of the structure as well as by the weight of the soil on the heel of the base slab - used for walls 20-25’ tall

A

cantilever wall

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62
Q

type of retaining wall used for higher walls greater than 20-25’ - reinforced concrete webs spaced equal distances to act as diagonal bracing for the wall

A

counterfort wall

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63
Q

the space between a suspended ceiling and the structural floor or roof

A

Plenum

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64
Q

A device that absorbs heat from a cooler location and transfers it to a warmer one using the principles of refrigeration

A

heat pump

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65
Q

for site grading on a project, slopes for permanent fill are not to be steeper than 1 vertical unit for how any horizontal units?

A

2

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66
Q

Which is more formal - arbitration or mediation

A

arbitration

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67
Q

Efficiency of a luminaire in a particular space is represented by its

A

coefficient of utilization

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68
Q

Types of lighting systems

A 
direct
semidirect
direct-indirect
general diffuse
semi-indirect
indirect
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69
Q

best type of piping system to use for hydronic distribution when the needs are efficiency and comfort control

A

series perimeter loop system

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70
Q

type of test used to measure the permeability of soil

A

percolation test

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71
Q

An area where effluent seeps from the drain tiles into the soil

A

leaching field

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72
Q

most effective way to reduce stormwater runoff

A

reduce the amount of impervious area

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73
Q

What duct shape is the most desirable?

A

Round - it has the lowest friction allowance; next best shape is square

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74
Q

Which type of high intensity discharge (HID) lamp must be installed in a specified burning position?

A

Metal halide

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75
Q

portion of the soil stack above the highest plumbing fixture - open to the outside at the top

A

stack vent

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76
Q

collection of vents from a number of fixtures that share one exterior outlet

A

vent stack

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77
Q

an area of the plumbing that can be accessed to clear obstructions from the system

A

cleanout

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78
Q

a flap that opens to admit air if there is a suction in a water pipe, which prevents siphoning of wastewater back into the clean water supply system

A

vacuum breaker

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79
Q

criteria to consider when designing location for mechanical room

A
  • each mechanical room should have at least one exterior wall
  • the boiler room should be adjacent to the chilled water plant
  • ceilings should be at least 12’ high
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80
Q

duct shape that is the most efficient and offers the smallest possible perimeter for the same cross sectional area (minimizing friction and pressure loss)

A

round

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81
Q

what type of detectors monitor smoke

A

photoelectric detectors

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82
Q

type of detector that sounds an alarm when they sense the products of combustion

A

ionization detector

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83
Q

pieces of equipment used to allow trucks with various bed heights to be serviced from the same dock

A

dock leveler

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84
Q

lamp type with the longest life span

A

high-pressure sodium

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85
Q

lamp type with the shortest life span

A

incandescent bulb

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86
Q

Common sound intensity levels

A

0 db threshold of hearing, through 130 db the threshold of pain

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87
Q

minimum width of a lobby (between elevators)

A

10 feet

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88
Q

In calculating solar heat gain what values must be known?

A

design cooling factor & the area of the glass

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89
Q

A two way concrete slab is normally reinforced for

A

bending moment in both directions

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90
Q

Adding a shear key to the base of a cantilever retaining wall helps to prevent what?

A

sliding of the wall

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91
Q

A positive bending moment at a section of a beam implies ___ stress in the top fibers of the beam and ___ stress in the bottom fibers of the beam

A

compression; tension

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92
Q

What is the purpose of gravel under and on outside of basement walls and slab

A

to reduce hydrostatic pressure

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93
Q

The water force exerted on structures

A

hydrostatic pressure

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94
Q

angled piece of blocking that eases the transition between the roof deck and the parapet wall

A

cant strip

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95
Q

The maximum spacing between lateral ties of a reinforced concrete column should be the least of what three dimensions

A
  • 16 times the reinforcing bar diameter
  • 48 times the tie diameter
  • least dimension of the column
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96
Q

A soft story is a story in which the lateral stiffness is less than ___% of that in the story above or less than ___% of the average stiffness of the stories above

A

70%; 80%

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97
Q

Equation for calculating the thickness of a cantilevered concrete slab

A

h=L/10 ; answer should be in inches, L would need to be multiplied by 12in/ft

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98
Q

Factors that affect the allowable shear value in a diaphragm system made of steel deck

A
  • thickness of steel deck
  • size of welds and other connections between deck and framing
  • spacing of welds and other connections between deck and framing
  • presence of concrete topping
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99
Q

Epoxy coated reinforcing bars are used when the concrete will be exposed to what?

A

chlorides (i.e. salts)

applications - parking garages, fishing piers, exterior concrete stairs, cold climate highway paving floor slab

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100
Q

best concrete finish for slip resistance

A

broom finish

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101
Q

mortar type that should be specified for exterior applications at or below grade

A

M

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102
Q

Restrictions on surface finishes in all model codes are primarily based on what?

A

location in the building and occupancy group

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103
Q

Equation for calculating thermal conductivity (U-value)

A

U = 1/R

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104
Q

How are the diagonal members of the x-bracing of a tall structure designed to minimize costs?

A

one diagonal brace is designed to be stressed in tension, while the other is not stressed

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105
Q

What is used to keep water from penetrating an expansion joint at the intersection of a roof and wall

A

counterflashing

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106
Q

On floors subject to deflection, granite installations should include what?

A

membrane

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107
Q

Requirements of the NFPA for portable fire extinguishers

A
  • Cabinets must have a vision panel or be clearly marked
  • Extinguishers must be tested regularly and have an approved label
  • when extinguishers are required, no occupant may be more than 75 ft from a fire extinguisher
108
Q

A wall mounted object placed more than 27 inches above the floor cannot protrude more than __ inches from the wall

A

4 inches

109
Q

Minimum width of the required floor area on the pull side of a door

A

18 inches

110
Q

Requirements for testing of installed systems are in part __ of each technical section of a specification

A

Part 3

111
Q

Minimum depth required for a hearth & min extensions on either side of fireplace opening

A

16 Inch min. depth

8” extension on either side of the opening

112
Q

process of applying heat to a tile to fuse the material and make it denser

A

vitrification ; commonly used for a way to specify water absorption of tile

113
Q

___ hinges are always required for fire-rated doors

A

ball-bearing hinges

114
Q

the standardized levels of finish in the gypsum wall board industry refer to the what?

A

number of coats of joint compound used

115
Q

materials or systems of materials used to seal penetrations through fire walls or smoke barriers

A

firestops;

depending on wall type - silicone foam, mortar, mineral wool

116
Q

best sealant to use between exterior precast concrete wall panels

A

polyurethane - allows for the most joint movement

117
Q

How to calculate degree days

A

by comparing the base temperature to the average temperature on a specific date in a specific location

118
Q

An average of a barrier’s ability to reduce sound over several frequency bands

A

Sound transmission class

119
Q

Ranges of STC ratings

A

25 - normal speech can clearly be heard through barrier
30 - loud speech can be heard and understood; normal speech can be heard but not understood
35 - loud speech is not intelligible but can be heard
42-45 - loud speech can only be faintly heard; normal speech cannot be heard
45-50 - loud speech is not audible; loud sounds can only be heard faintly

120
Q

Equation for Power

A

P = VI(PF)

Power = Voltage x Current (Power Factor)

121
Q

The best measure to use when evaluating how well a window assembly prevents heat gain is the

A

solar heat gain coefficient

122
Q

ratio of solar heat gain through a window to the amount of solar radiation striking the window

A

solar heat gain coefficient

123
Q

1 psi is needed to lift water ___ ft

A

2.3 ft

124
Q

codes limit the number of conductors permitted in a conduit for which reasons

A
  • to control heat buildup in the conduit

- to prevent damage to the conductors when they are pulled through the conduit

125
Q

Division 1 specification sections do what?

A

establish administrative procedures for the project

126
Q

amount that an element of a building is permitted to be “off” from the specified dimension

A

tolerance

127
Q

3 part specification format developed by CSI

A

general, products, and execution

128
Q

light gage metal framing for interior partitions is specified in which division?

A

09 - Finishes

129
Q

Installing a sprinkler system in a new building adds __% to the total construction cost

A

1-1.5%

130
Q

For an 80,000 sf office building, __% of total construction budget will go to mechanical and electrical

A

30% - equally divided between mechanical and electrical

For smaller office building, 20%

131
Q

Footing depth is determined by

A
  • design requirements
  • soil capacity
  • frost depth
132
Q

Where should transverse reinforcement be located in a footing

A

located directly under the continuous rebars in the footings and between the continuous rebar runs that are parallel with the footing

133
Q

L-shaped rebars that connect a CMU foundation wall to a footing

A

dowels

134
Q

A synthetic membrane made of a polymer used to reinforce soils behind retaining walls

A

geogrid

135
Q

Elements of a concrete block retaining wall that connect the blocks together

A

fiberglass pins

136
Q

Spacing of anchor bolts as specified by IRC

A

6 ft

137
Q

ACI requires a minimum of __ inches of concrete cover to protect rebar

A

3 inches

138
Q

I joists are typically used for spans of ___ ft

A

16-20 ft

139
Q

Dimensional lumber is typically used for spans of ___ ft

A

15-20 ft

140
Q

Wood material used for spans longer than 20 ft

A

LVL or glu lam

141
Q

Equation for calculating total load

A

dead load + live load

142
Q

Equation for calculating load per linear foot on each beam

A

total load x tributary width

143
Q

How to calculate total load on a column

A

Step 1 - Sum the dead and live loads
Step 2 - Total load of beam x tributary area
Step 3 - Calculate support reactions by dividing total beam load by 2
Step 4 - Do same steps for other beam
Step 5 - Sum the support reactions

144
Q

What is the required minimum concrete thickness above footing rebars

A

6 inches

145
Q

Calculating the size of an HVAC system involves

A
  • knowing the needed capacity of the heating and cooling equipment
  • determining the size of the mechanical spaces needed
  • layout for distribution
146
Q

The air handler is located in the

A

Fan room

147
Q

In a medium to large building using an all air or air water system, the mechanical room should have a floor area equal to ___% to ___% of the total building area being served

A

3-10%

148
Q

Concept of fire and life safety - by containing a fire limiting its spread, building occupants can escape and other parts of the building can be protected from fire damage

A

Compartmentation

149
Q

Vertical panel made from fire resistive materials that is attached to the ceiling that is immediately adjacent to an opening

A

Curtain board
Or
Draft stop

150
Q

Four types of sprinkler systems

A

Wet pipe - most common
Dry pipe - used in areas subject to freezing
Pre-action - similar time dry pipe but water is allowed into system before sprinkler head has opened
Deluge - activate all the sprinkler heads in an area at once

151
Q

3 types of intrusion detection

A
  • perimeter protection
  • area or room protection
  • object protection
152
Q

Methods for increasing IIC value of a floor

A
  • add carpet
  • provide resilient suspended ceiling below
  • float a finished floor on resilient pads over the structural floor
  • provide sound absorbing material in the air space between the floor and the finished ceiling
153
Q

Random distribution of sound from a surface

A

Diffusion

154
Q

Return of sound waves from a surface

A

Reflection

155
Q

Vertical loads due to the weight of the building and any permanent equipment

A

Dead loads

156
Q

Loads imposed on a building by the buildings particular use and occupancy and are generally considered movable or temporary

A

Live loads

157
Q

Types of glass

A

Annealed glass / float glass
Tempered glass - when it breaks it shatters into small pieces and is laminated; good for applications where glass can break and a person is close
Laminated - many sheets with film between (good for sky lights); also helps to reduce sound

158
Q

How big is a square of roofing?

A

100sf

159
Q

3 types of stress

A

Tension
Compression
Shear

160
Q

Stress in which the particles of the member tend to pull apart under load

A

Tension

161
Q

Stress in which the particles of the member are pushed together and the member tends to shorten

A

Compression

162
Q

Stress in which the particles of a member slide past each other

A

Shear

163
Q

With tension and compression the force acts _____ to the area of the material resisting force

A

Perpendicular

164
Q

With shear the force acts ___ to the area resisting force

A

Parallel

165
Q

The change in vertical posterior of a beam due to a load

A

Deflection

-amount of deflection depends on the load, beam length, moment of inertia, modulus of elasticity

166
Q

Distance from grade to bottom of a pipe

A

Invert

167
Q

Types of hydronic distribution systems

A
  • one-pipe system (traditional steam radiator system)
  • two-pipe direct return system
  • two-pipe reverse return system
  • series perimeter loop system
168
Q

Key consideration when considering a location for a mechanical system in a 10 story office building

A

The most desirable and preferred areas for leasable office space (edges of the building where there is daylight, views, and natural ventilation)

169
Q

Measures the permeability of soil

A

percolation test

170
Q

An area where effluent seeps from the drain tiles into the soil

A

leaching field

171
Q

A private waste disposal system generally consists of ___ and ___

A

Septic tank and leaching field

172
Q

Liquid portion left in the septic tank after the solid sewage matter settles to the bottom

A

effluent

173
Q

Any area of building or paving that does not allow stormwater to seep into the ground

A

impervious area

174
Q

Which type of high intensity discharge lamp must be installed in a specified burning position?

A

Metal halide lamps

175
Q

What combination of daylighting and electric lighting would be the most appropriate choice for a painting studio

A

north facing windows
skylights
fixtures with high color rendering index fluorescent lamps

176
Q

Weatherstripping affects what?

A

Infiltration

177
Q

What device would best control entry to a secure laboratory

A

card reader

178
Q

What types of fire protection is most appropriate for an elementary school

A
  • ionization detector
  • photoelectric detector
  • laser beam detector

these are best because they detect at the smoke/smoldering stage and would give enough warning

179
Q

What technique should be recommended when dealing with historic buildings and fragile old building materials?

A

The least destructive technique

180
Q

Removing missing or deteriorating mortar and replacing with compatible mortar that is restrict to shed water from the joints

A

repointing or tuck pointing

181
Q

used to provide adjustability for various sized trucks

A

dock levelers

placed in a pit at the edge of a dock and a steel panel is adjusted up or down to provide a ramp from he the dock to the level of the truck

182
Q

Access floor system consists of what components

A
  • modular panels
  • pedestals
  • lifting devices
  • (sometimes stringers)
183
Q

Factor published by ASHRAE that takes into account several variables:

  • type of glazing
  • type of interior shading
  • outdoor design temperature
A

Design cooling load factor

184
Q

In a one-way slab, the reinforcement is placed for bending moment in what direction?

A

the short direction

185
Q

What type of diaphragm has the largest allowable shear value

A

diaphragm that consists of a 6 inch concrete slab

186
Q

The branch of mechanics that deals with bodies in a state of equilibrium

A

statics

187
Q

Said to exist when the resultant of any number of forces acting on a body is zero

A

equilibirum

188
Q

Any action applied to an object

A

force (i.e. loads)

189
Q

The internal structure of a building material must resist external loads with internal forces of their own that are equal in magnitude and of opposite sign. These external loads are called ____.

internal resistance to an external force.

A

stresses

190
Q

Stress in which the particles of the member tend to pull apart under load

A

tension

191
Q

stress in which the particles of the member are pushed together and the member tends to shorten

A

compression

192
Q

stress in which the particles of a member slide past each other

A

shear

193
Q

With tension and compression, the force acts ___ to the area of the material resisting the force

A

perpendicular

194
Q

With shear, the force acts ___ to the area resisting the force

A

parallel

195
Q

f = P/A

A

Formula for calculating stress

Stress is expressed as force per unit area and is determined by dividing the total force applied to the total area

196
Q

The point at which the material continues to deform with very little increase in load

A

yield point

197
Q

Measure of a material’s resistance to deformation, or its stiffness

A

Modulus of elasticity

198
Q

Tendency of a force to cause rotation about a point

A

moment

199
Q

Product of the force times the perpendicular distance to the point about which it is acting

A

moment

200
Q

A portion of the structure that is extracted when analyzing structures and represent the forces acting on it with force vectors

A

free body diagram

201
Q

3 basic principles of equilibrium

A
  • The sum of all vertical forces acting on a body equals zero
  • The sum of all horizontal forces acting on a body equals zero
  • The sum of all moments acting on a body or the moment of all forces about a point on the body equals zero
202
Q

If a force tends to cause a clockwise rotation, the resulting moment is said to be ___

A

positive

203
Q

If a force tends to cause a counterclockwise rotation, the resulting moment is said to be ___

A

negative

204
Q

A graphic representation of the values of the vertical shear anywhere along a beam

A

Shear diagram

205
Q

Shear diagram for a uniformly distributed load is

A

angular (sloped line)

206
Q

Shear diagram for a point load is

A

rectangular

207
Q

Moment diagram for a point load is

A

angular (sloped line)

208
Q

Moment diagram for a uniformly distributed load is

A

curved

209
Q

Graphic representation of the moment at all points along a beam

A

moment diagram

210
Q

the algebraic sum of the moments of the forces to the left of the section under consideration and is the value of force times distance

A

how to find moment at any point

211
Q

Maximum moment occurs where the shear diagram

A

crosses zero

212
Q

The strongest type of column is one that is

A

fixed against both rotation and translation

213
Q

The weakest type of column is one that is

A

free to move at one end

214
Q

For a cantilevered beam with a point load, the moment diagram should

A

Be sloped, with zero being at the end of the point load because the moment at this location would equal zero

215
Q

How to calculate the tributary area of an interior column

A

Calculate area of adjacent spans

216
Q

What is the recommended minimum embedment depth for anchor bolts connecting a steel base plate to a concrete footing

A

8 inches

217
Q

What is the purpose of gravel against a basement wall and slab

A

to reduce hydrostatic pressure

-the gravel provides open spaces for any water to lose its pressure and drip to drains near the footing

218
Q

When soil near grade level is unsuitable for spread footings, what type of foundations are used?

A

pile foundations

-these transmit building loads through the unsuitable soil to a more secure bearing with end bearing side friction

219
Q

Distance from the top of a footing to the centroid of the reinforcing steel

A 
effective depth
(since the concrete below the steel does not contribute any structural properties
220
Q

Two ways a retaining wall can fail

A

overturning or sliding

221
Q

Two ways to design a retaining wall to reduce the build up of water behind them

A

providing weep holes near the bottom of the wall

providing a layer of gravel next to the back of the wall

222
Q

Two types of timber connectors

A

split rings and shear plates

223
Q

Two most common methods in use for making steel connections

A

bolting and welding

224
Q

The height from the nosing to the top of a handrail must be between

A

34 and 38 inches

225
Q

Decorative trim produced in a shop or mill and delivered to the job site

A

millwork

226
Q

Detailed carpentry completed on site, including installation of the millwork

A

Finish carpentry

227
Q

Solid or laminated lumber laid on its face spanning between members

A

decking

228
Q

A number of individual pieces of lumber glued together and finished under factory conditions for use as beams, columns, purlins and other structural uses

A

glue laminated wood members

229
Q

Property that allows steel to withstand excessive deformations, due to high tensile stresses without failure

A

ductility

230
Q

Concrete floor slab finish intended for outdoor surfaces and interior slabs that will become the substrate for a finish material that does not require a perfectly smooth underlayment, such as carpet or tile

A

float finish

231
Q

Concrete floor slab finish type that are very smooth and can be sealed or painted to become the final floor finish or used as a substrate for a finish that requires a perfectly smooth surface like vinyl

A

troweled finish

232
Q

Mortar type best for exterior applications above grade and for interior load bearing walls

A

Type N or S

233
Q

Mortar type best suited for interior and protected exterior non load bearing partitions

A

Type O

234
Q

concrete produces heat while it cures

A

heat of hydration

235
Q

Three types of tests for concrete

A

slump test - measures the consistency
cylinder test - measures compressive strength
core cylinder test - used when a portion of the structure is in place and cured

236
Q

Critical components of a primary hydraulic elevator system

A
  • car support rails
  • elevator pit
  • piston
237
Q

Critical components of a primary traction elevator

A
  • hoisting cables
  • counterweights
  • penthouse machine room
238
Q

What type of glass has less of a green tint than clear glass

A

low-iron clear glass

239
Q

If a project has come in over budget in a 95% cost estimate, prior to the bidding phase what should the architect recommend to the owner?

A

Incorporate design alternates into the documents

240
Q

How will you know if a wall type is 2 hour rated

A

2 layers of gypsum board

241
Q

A client for a publicly funded project has requested the specifications be written in a way to promote competition and maximize client value. What method of specifying should be considered?

A

Descriptive, performance, reference

Good because each of these methods do not list specific products and materials by name, and would promote competition among manufacturers and allow the owner to receive maximum value

242
Q

Product used for producing specifications

A

MasterSpec

243
Q

How to calculate width of egress stair for a space with multiple egress stairs

A
  • Divide total number of occupants by the number of exits

- Multiply number of occupants by the egress capacity factors found in the code

244
Q

maximum rise of a ramp before landings are needed

A

30 inches

245
Q

Used to describe a period of time with maximum conditions that an HVAC system was designed to accommodate and maintain the desired indoor air temperature and humidity

A

Design day

It is colder than 95% of the days

246
Q

Beyond what decibel level does sound start to become harmful?

A

85

247
Q

Which construction types are required to have non combustible exterior wall assemblies

A

I, II, III, IV

248
Q

What specification division would steel concrete reinforcement be in?

A

Division 03

249
Q

What specification division should signage be located in

A

10 - Specialties

250
Q

Handrails are required to resist a concentrated load of what?

A

200 pounds

251
Q

What metals are most resistant to oxidization

A

Gold, Silver

252
Q

An area/volume estimate is a type of cost estimating used during what phase of design

A

Schematic design (because of lack of details available)

253
Q

How can efflorescence be prevented?

A

Furnishing adequate weather protection during construction

254
Q

An area of refuge is required to be what size

A

30x48

255
Q

The process of rebuilding or strengthening the foundation of an existing building

A

Underpinning

256
Q

Required in wood framing to secure the wall and floor framing to the foundation against uplifting wind or seismic forces

A

Sill plate anchors (or hold downs)

257
Q

Thin continuous pieces of sheet metal or other impervious material installed to prevent the passage or water into a structure from an angle or a joint

A

Flashing

258
Q

Exposed flashing consists of

A

A sheet metal and expansion joints

259
Q

Flashing concealed within a construction assembly may be of

A

Sheet metal or waterproofing membrane

260
Q

Manifestation of surface tension by which the greater adhesion of liquid to a solid surface than internal cohesion of the liquid itself causes the liquid to be elevated against a vertical surface

A

Capillary action

261
Q

Categories of how exterior walls deter water penetration

A
  1. Mass wall systems (concrete, masonry) - shed rain at exterior face, and absorb the remainder that is released as vapor
  2. Barrier wall systems (EIFS) - relies on a continuous seal at the exterior face, which requires ongoing maintenance
  3. Drainage walls (stucco) - utilize a drainage plane or moisture barrier between the exterior cladding and supporting wall for moisture resistance
  4. Rainscreen walls - consists of outer layer of cladding, an air cavity, and a drainage plane on a rigid, water resistant, and airtight support wall
262
Q

An exterior wall supported by the steel or concrete structural frame of a building and carrying no load other than its own weight and wind loads

A

Curtain wall

263
Q

____ air is capable of holding more moisture vapor and has a higher dew point than ____

A

Warm air; cold air

264
Q

Moisture vapor always migrates from ___ to ___ pressure areas

A

High to low (because it is a gas)

265
Q

The bottom ___ inches of doors should have a smooth uninterrupted surface to allow door to be opened by a wheelchair footrest

A

12 inches

266
Q

Door operating hardware should be easy to grasp with one hand and mounted at a maximum height of ___ inches above the floor

A

48”

267
Q

Minimum clear width for all doorways

A

32”

Project Development & Documentation (2 decks)

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