pd Flashcards
People who interact regularly and feel they belong together.
group
collection of individuals who share certain characteristics
group
presence of others energizes us
presence of others influence a person’s performance on a task
performance may improve or deteriorate
Social Facilitation
Why does the presence of others affect us?
alertness
evaluation apprehension
distraction-conflict
Better performance with others doing the same task.
Co-action effect
Performance changes due to an audience.
Audience Effect
Presence of others relaxes us, less effort in a group.
Social Loafing
Demonstrated that individuals exert less effort when working collectively compared to working alone.
Ringelmann’s Rope-Pulling Experiment
What causes social loafing?
lack of motivation
diffusion of responsibility (reduced sense of personal responsibility)
group size
expectations
we change our attitudes, beliefs and behavior to fit and match to the group, or the present social norms.
desire to “fit in” or be liked
Conformity
the change is in response to real or imagined group pressure.
Conformity
Investigated the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform.
Asch Conformity Experiment
Why do people conform?
Normative Social Influence
Informative Social Influence
when a person lacks knowledge and looks to the group for guidance.
Informative Social Influence
This happens because the person is scared of being rejected by the group.
Normative Social Influence
examples of conformity
wearing certain types of clothes to fit with the group
changing political beliefs to match one’s family and friends
obey out of the desire to look cooperative or out of fear of an authority figure, which sometimes can go against one’s own judgement and wants
Obedience
people will set aside their own personal beliefs or adopt the opinion of the rest of the group to avoid conflict.
Group cohesion and solidarity is given higher importance
Groupthink
Losing self-awareness in a group, can lead to impulsive behavior.
Deindividuation
comments filled with misinformation to support their political candidate in social media posts
Deindividuation
The idea that people who become leaders possess traits or characteristics different from
Leader emergence
Leaders who perform well possess certain characteristics that poorly performing leaders do not.
Leader performance
Are leaders born or made?
Traits are both innate and developed. As an individual grows and acquires different experiences, he also develops character patterns that can make him a better leader
Small, close, long-lasting (e.g., family).
Primary
