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N926 Pharmacology > PD > Flashcards

PD Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

What the drug does to the body

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2
Q

Ion Channels

A

Ligand vs. Voltage-gated
Seconds to respond
Nicotinic & GABA

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3
Q

GPCR

A

Receptor family
Activates 2nd messenger
Muscarinic/cholinergic, adrenergic, dopaminergic, opioid

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4
Q

Transmembrane Receptor

A

Transmembrane embedded enzyme-linked receptors
Growth & development
Insulin

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5
Q

Intracellular Receptor

A

Proteins found inside the nucleus
Hydrophobic ligands
Modify gene transcription
Steroid hormones & Vitamin D

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6
Q

Ligand

A

Chemical substance that binds to receptors

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7
Q

Endogenous

A

Naturally occurring

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8
Q

Exogenous

A

Drugs

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9
Q

Lock & Key Theory

A

Stereochemistry

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10
Q

Agonist

A

Activates receptors

Causes intrinsic activity

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11
Q

Antagonist

A

Receptor affinity
No intrinsic activity
Competitive vs. non-competitive

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12
Q

Allosteric

A

Makes receptors more available to endogenous substances

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13
Q

Potency

A

Affinity

How much drug to get an effect?

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14
Q

Efficacy

A

Effect

Does drug produce desired effect?

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15
Q

Variability

A

Nothing exactly the same
Not one-size-fits-all
Individual
Genetic differences, age, gender, comorbidities, dietary & supplements, drug-drug interactions

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16
Q

Slope

A

Safety margin

17
Q

ED50

A

Effective dose - desirable effects in 50% population

18
Q

TD50

A

Toxic dose in 50% population
Adverse side effects
Bradycardia, hypotension, N/V

19
Q

LD50

A

Lethal dose in 50% population

20
Q

Therapeutic Window

A

TD50/ED50
Dose to treat disease effectively while staying w/in safety margin
Desirable effects w/ minimal adverse SE
How much drug to achieve 100% efficacy
Effect w/out toxicity
Above range = serious harm
Below range = subtherapeutic dosing (inefficacious)

21
Q

Therapeutic Index

A

LD50/ED50

How much drug required to cause adverse effects

22
Q

Partial agonist

A

Activates receptors
Causes intrinsic activity
Not 100% efficacy

23
Q

Inverse agonist

A

Causes opposite effect

24
Q

Down-Regulation

A

Desensitization resulting from continued stimulation (agonist)
Quantitative - receptor decrease in number
Qualitative - each receptor becomes less responsive

25
Q

Up-Regulation

A

Receptor number & sensitivity d/t chronic blockade (antagonist)
Increased tolerance results in great dose to accomplish same effect

26
Q

Interaction

A

Alteration in drug therapeutic action by concomitant administration exogenous drugs

27
Q

Addition

A

Combined effect two drugs equal to simple addition individual drug effects
1+1=2

28
Q

Synergism

A

Combined effect two drugs greater than sum individual effects
1+1=3

29
Q

Potentiation

A

Enhancement one drug by second drug that has no detectable action
1+0=3

30
Q

Antagonism

A

One drug action opposes another action

1+1=0

N926 Pharmacology (17 decks)

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