PCOL Test 2 Flashcards
What is the purpose of collagenous rings in the respiratory system? (select all)
A. Prevent airways from collapsing
B. Provide structure and protection
C. Allow for bronchoconstriction and dilation
D. Can be used to apply Cricoid Pressure in CPR
A, B, D
Which parts of the Respiratory Tract contain collagenous rings? (select all)
A. Bronchi
B. Bronchioles
C. Trachea
D. Alveolar Sacs
E. Terminal Bronchioles
A,C
What is another name for Terminal Respiratory Units (alveolar ducts, sacs)?
A. Terminal Bronchi
B. Respiratory Bronchi
C. Acini
D. Tertiary Bronchi
C
T/F Alveolar sacs will dilate and/or constrict in order to adjust how airflow in the lungs
F. Alveolar sacs do not constrict nor dilate
What is the function of the Alveolar sacs (alveoli)?
A. Gas Exchange
B. Mucus secretion to moisten airways
C. Constriction and dilation to adjust airflow
D. All of the above
A
Asthma is an ____ disease which makes it harder to get air ___ of the lungs.
A. Obstructive, in
B. Obstructive, out
B
The bronchioles consist of ____
A. Cartalige
B. Bone
C. Smoth Muscle
D. Collagen
C
T/F When a patient presents with an asthma attack it is important to increase their rate of breathing in order to get air out of their lungs
F
We need to decrease their rate of breathing and focus on getting their air out.
___ breathing is used in patients with obstructive conditions in order to generate ____ to get air ____
A. Purse-Lip, Back-pressure, out
B. Purse-Lip, Back-pressure, in
C. Purse-Lip, Fore-pressure, out
D. Purse-Lip, Fore-pressure, in
A
What kind of epithelium is on the surface of the bronchioles?
A. Columnar
B. Cuboidal
C. Pseudostratified columnar
D. Squaemous
C
What cells within the pseudostratified columnar epithelium are responsible for mucus secretion?
A. Macrophages
B. Goblet Cells
C. Mast Cels
D. Dendritic Cells
B
What is the purpose of mucus in the bronchioles? (select all)
A. Moistening Airways
B. Allowing the passage of particles to alveolar sacs
C. Diffusion of gas across epithelium
D. Trapping particles in airway and removing them
A,D
Which cells are located within the Lamina Propia layer of the epithelium of the bronchioles?
A. Mast Cells
B. T-Helper Cells
C. Dendritic Cells
D. All of the above
D
What allows the bronchioles to constrict and dilate?
A. Collagenous rings
B. Smooth Muscle
C. Pseudostratifeid columnar epithelium
D. Mucus
B
Direct ___nerve innervation is seen at the bronchioles.
A. PNS
B. SNS
A
T/F PNS tone is dominant in the bronchioles, however there is direct SNS innervation that can counteract this
F
Direct SNS innervation is not seen in the bronchioles.
Increasing PNS tone in the bronchioles will cause ____ and increasing SNS activation will cause ____
A. Bronchoconstriction, Bronchodilation
B. Bronchodilation, Bronchoconstriction
A
What is the purpose of the Pores of Kohn in the alveolar sacs?
A. Allows better distribution of inhaled medicine to other alveoli
B. Allows passage of fluid and oxygen
C. Allows communication between adjacent alveoli
D. All of the above
D
In the lower respiratory tract there are Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 cells. What are the functions of each? (Select all)
A. Type 1, Structure
B. Type 1, Macrophage
C, Type 2, Surfactant
D. Type 3, Macrophage
E. Type 3. Surfactant.
A, C, D
Type1= structure
Type2= surfactant
Type3= macrophage
What is the purpose of surfactant in the alveoli?
A. Phospholipid liquid made by type II cells used to enhance anatomic stability of the lungs
B. Used for medicinal distribution in the lungs
C. Used for mucociliary transport of substances out of the lungs
D. Phospholipid liquid made by type III cels used to enhance anatomic stability of the lungs.
A
The major components of Asthma include: (Select All)
A. Inflammation
B. Hyporesponsiveness
C. Airflow obstruction
D. Hyperresponsiveness
E. Bronchodilation
A,C, D
Hyperresponsiveness and inflammation can lead to airflow obstruction. Airflow obstruction is the last thing that happens.
T/F People from third-world countries will have a lower risk for asthma than people in modernized countries.
T
What is the purpose of T-Helper 1 cells?
Phagocytosis of foreign invaders.
What is the purpose of T-Helper 2 cells?
Upregulates during times of exposure when dendritic cells activate them. They elicit inflammatory response, increase cytokine production and IgE synthesis.
