Med Chem Test 1 Flashcards
The structure Endothelin-1 contains two ____ bonds between two____ amino acids.
A. Covalent, Threonine
B. Ionic, Cysteine
C. Disulfide, Cysteine
D. Hydrogen, Cysteine
C
ET-1 concentrations are ____ in patients presenting with PAH, leading to increased _____
A. Increased, Vasoconstriction
B. Increased, Vasodilation
C. Decreased, Vasoconstriction
D. Decreased, Vasodilation
A
In the structure of Bosentan (Tracleer) the following functional group undergoes _____ through the enzyme _____
A. Oxidation, 2C9
B. Hydrolysis, 2C9
C. O-demethylation, 2C9
D. Methylation, 2C9
C
In the structure Bosentan (Tracleer) the circiled group undergoes ____ in order to produce the ___ metabolite
A. Hydroxylation, Inactive
B. Hydroxylation, Active
C, Reduction, Inactive
D. Reduction, Active
B
Which of the following statments is true regarding Bosentan?
A. Hydroxylation at the red portion will create a minor inactive metabolite
B. O-demethylation at the blue portion will create a minor inactive metabolite
C. Hydroxylation at the red portion will create a major active metabolite
D. The drug can have a metabolite that undergoes both hydroxylation and demethylation.
E. The majority of Bosentan’s activity is done by the parent unmetabolized molecule and 20% comes from the active metabolite.
B, C, D, E
What are the functional groups circled here?
A. Red: Pyrimidine, Blue: Sulfonamide
B. Red: Sulfonamide, Blue: Pyrimidine
C. Red: Sulfonamide, Blue: Pyradine
D. Red: Sulfamide, Blue: Pyrimidine
B
What is the major possible side effect of Bosentan?
A. Liver Injury & Tetratogenicity
B. Kidney failure
C. Anaphylaxis
D. CNS damage
A
Of the following drugs which of them is specific for ET-1 A type receptors?
A. Bosentan (Tracleer)
B. Macitentan (Opsumit)
C. Riosiguat (Adempas)
D. Ambrisentan (letaris)
D
Based on the structure of Ambrisenten, the blue group is a _____ and the red group is a _____
A. Carboxylic Acid, Pyradine
B. Ester, Pyrimidne
C. Carboxylic Acid, Pyrimidne
D. Ester, Pyradine
C
What statements about Ambrisentan are true? (Select All)
A. Contains a carboxylic acid and Pyrimidine functional group
B. Has a much higher affinity for ET-1 B receptors than ET-1 A receptors.
C. Has a possible chance to cause Liver injury and tetratogenicity
D. Has the potential to become soluble at lower pHs due to having a low pKa of 4
E. has the potential to become more soluble at higher pHs due to having a low pKa of 4
A, C, E
What kind of reaction can this functional group in ambrisentan undergo?
A. Acyl-Glucuronidation
B. Esterification
C. Ester hydrolysis
D. Reduction
A
What kind of reaction can this group in Ambrisentan undergo?
A. Reduction
B. Hydroxylation
C. O-Demethylation
D. COMT
C
What kind of reaction can this group undergo in ambrisentan?
A. Reduction
B. Ester hydrolysis
C. Ether hydrolysis
D. Esterification
C
The two methyl groups can undergo ____ and then undergo a second reaction known as ____
A. COMT, Glucuronidation
B. Hydroxylation, Glucuronidation
C. COMT, Sulfation
D. Hydroxylation, Sulfation
B
The following structure of Macitentan (Opsumit) includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Sulfonamide
B. Halogen
C. Pyrimidine
D. Ether
E. Sulfamide
A
Do not get the sulfonamide group confused with the sulfamide group. Sulfonamide only has one nitrogen and sulfamide has 2.
Which of the following drugs is non-selective to ET-1 A and ET-1 B receptors? (Select All)
A. Ambrisentan (Letairis)
B. Macitentan (Opsumit)
C. Bosentan (Tracleer)
D. Tadalafil
B,C
Macitenten undergoes ____ to form an ____ metabolite
A. N-dealkylation, Inactive
B. N-dealkylation, Active
B
Nitric oxide ____ sGC in order to ____ levels of cGMP and promote muscle _____
A. Activates, Increase, Relaxation
B. Activates, Increase, Contraction
C. Deactivates, Decrease, Relaxation
D. Deactivates, Decrease, Contraction
A
When nitric oxide is placed in an _____ environment it will form the _____ which is capable of the shift in bonds known as _____
A. Aqueous, Nitrous Ion, Resonance
B. Aqueous, Nitrate Ion, Metabolism
C. Aqueous, Nitrate Ion, Resonance
D. Hydrophibic, Nitrate Ion, Resonance
C
What enzyme is sildenafil blocking that is preventing cGMP from being converted into GMP?
A. PDE
B. GLUT
C. SULT
D. sGC
A
The boxed structure of Sildenafil is a ____ and is thus known as a ____.
A. Pyrimadine, Pyrimadine derivative
B. Indole, Indoline derivative
C. Pyrazole, Pyrazoline derivative
D. Purine, Purine derivative
D
All of the following statments are true about Sildenafil Citrate (Revatio) EXCEPT:
A. Sildenafil is a PDE5 inhibitor
B. Undergoes extensive presystemic metabilism (intestinal and first pass metabolism)
C. Keeps cAMP levels high within the muscle to promote muscle relaxation
D. Sildenafil is a purine derivative
C
Sildenafil keeps cGMP levels elevated not cAMP.
Which of the following statments is true regarding the metabolism of sildenafil?
A. Sildenafil undergoes N-dealkylation to produce an N-desmethyl metabolite
B. Sildenafil’s N-desmethyl metabolite is 50% as potent as the parent compound.
C. The vast majority of sildenafil’s activity comes from the parent compound.
D. All of the above
D
What two reactions can metabolite of tadalafil undergo? (Select All)
A. SULT
B. COMT
C. O-Gluc
D. Hydroxylation
B, C
