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PCOL Cardio Questions > PCOL Anti arrhythmic Drugs > Flashcards

PCOL Anti arrhythmic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Which of these tissues generates slow action potentials? (select all)

A. His-Purkinje Fibers

B. AV node

C. Atria

D. Ventricles

E. SA node

A

B,E

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2
Q

Which of these tissues conducts a fast action potential. (select all)

A. His-Purkinje Fibers

B. AV Node

C. Ventricles

D. SA Node

E. Atria

A

A, C, E

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3
Q

Which of these tissues can generate this type of action potential? (Select All)

A. His-Purkinje Fibers

B. SA Node

C. Atria

D. AV Node

E. Ventricles

A

A,C,E

The cart represents a fast action potential (hence the large initial spike in depolarization) and the only tissues that produce fast action potentials such as this include the Atria, Ventricles and His-Purkinje FIbers

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4
Q

What ion channel and ion is responsible for this circled slope?

A. Potassium channel, Potassium

B. Sodium channel, Sodium

C. Calcium channel, Calcium

D. Chloride channel, Chloride

A

B

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5
Q

What phase does this circled portion represent?

A. Phase 1

B. Phase 2

C. Phase 3

D. Phase 4

E. Phase 0

A

E

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6
Q

What phase does this cicled portion represent?

A. Phase 1

B. Phase 2

C. Phase 3

D. Phase 4

E. Phase 0

A

D

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7
Q

What phase does this circled portion of the graph represent?

A. Phase 1

B. Phase 2

C. Phase 3

D. Phase 4

E. Phase 5

A

A

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8
Q

What phase does this circled portion on the graph represent?

A. Phase 1

B. Phase 2

C. Phase 3

D. Phase 4

E. Phase 0

A

B

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9
Q

What does the circled portion of this graph represent?

A. Phase 1

B. Phase 2

C. Phase 3

D. Phase 4

E. Phase 0

A

C

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10
Q

What is the main conformational state of sodium channels in this portion of the graph?

A. Resting (closed)

B. Active

C. Inactive

A

A

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11
Q

What is the main conformational state of sodium channels on this portion of the graph?

A. Resting (closed)

B. Active

C. Inactive

A

B

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12
Q

What is the conformational state of the sodium channels on this portion of the graph?

A. Resting (closed)

B. Active

C. Inactive

A

C

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13
Q

The circled sodium channel represents the _____ conformation and sodium/drug ____ enter the binding sites.

A. Open, Can

B. Resting, Cannot

C. Inactive , Can

D. Inactive Cannot

A

C

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14
Q

Which of these statements is true?

A. In Phase 4 of a Fast action potential the majority of the sodium channels are in the inactive state

B. In Phase 0 the majority of the sodium channels are in the resting state

C. In Phase 1-2 the majority of the sodium channels are in the inactive state

D. In Phase 3-4 the majority of the sodium channels are in the active state

A

C

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15
Q

Which of the following statements is true? (select all)

A. In phase 1 and 2 of the fast action potential calcium channels open and calcium enters the cell.

B. In Phase 0 of the fast action potential potassium channels open and potassium flows out of the cell

C. In Phase 3 of the fast action potential calcium channels will close and potassium efflux is still occuring

D. In Phase 1 and 2 of the fast action potential potassium efflux is occuring while calcium influx is occuring.

E. In Phase 1 and 2 of the fast action potential potassium influx is occuring while calcium influx is occuring.

A

A,C,D

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16
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

A. In phase 1 of the fast action potential the majority of sodium channels are in the inactive state

B. When the majority of the sodium channels are in the inactive state you are more likely to be in the absolute refractory period

C. When the majority of the sodium channels are in the resting state you are more likeley to be in the realtive refractory period.

D. All of the above

A

D

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17
Q

The image here represents the Q-T interval which is a measure of the____

A. Action Potential Duration (APD)

B. Diastolic fill volume

C. The strength of contraction of the ventrciles

D. The strength of contraction of the atria

A

A

It is not C because ECGs do not measure contraction strength. They only measure electical activity.

18
Q

When you increase your QT interval you will ____ your Action Potential Duration (APD)

A. Increase

B. Decrease

A

A

19
Q

The QRS interval is a measure of the :

A. Atrial conduction

B. Atrial contraction strength

C. Ventricle conduction

D. Ventricle contraction strength

A

C

20
Q

QRS complex is formed how?

A. Electrical impuse spreading into the atria

B. Electrical impulse spreading into the ventricle

A

B

21
Q

An elongated QRS interval is a result of a ____ ventricle conduction.

A. Increased (faster)

B. Decreased (slower)

A

B

It is elongated because the action potential is taking longer to move through the venticle muscle (slow conduction). As a result the QRS complex will look wider.

22
Q

T/F In an absolute refractory period another action potential can be elicited

A

F.

In the ABSOLUTE refractory period more action potentials cannot be generated because the sodium channels are in the INACTIVE state.

23
Q

T/F In the Relative refractory period another action potential can be generated

A

T.

In the RELAVTIVE refractory period the majority of sodium channels are in the RESTING (closed) state and can become activated again (action potential) with a strong enough stimulus.

24
Q

Based on this picture which of these statements is true? (select all)

A, The green line is taking a longer period of time to reach threshold in comparison to the red line.

B. The red line is taking a longer period of time to reach the threshold in comparison to the green line.

C. The red line can be a result of PNS activation

D. The Green line can be a result of SNS activation

A

B,C,D

25
Q

Based on this graph what can be inferred? (Select all)

A. Green line can be a result from giving a B1 agonist

B. Red line can be a result of giving an Muscarinic antagonist

C. Green line can be a result from giving a Muscarinic agonist

D. Red line can ge a result from giving a muscarinic agonist

E. Green line can be a result from giving a muscarinic antagonist

A

A,D,E

26
Q

Picture A is known as a ____ and picture B is known as a _____.

A. Delayed After Depolarization (DAD), Early After Depolarization (EAD)

B. Early After Depolarization (EAD), Delayed After Depolarization (DAD)

A

A

27
Q

Which of the following factors can lead to a Delayed After Depolarization (DAD)?

A. Intracellular Ca overload

B. Hypokalemia

C. Low Heart Rate

A

A

28
Q

Which of the following can lead to an Early After Depolarization (EAD)?

A. Hypokalemia

B. Intracellular Ca overload

C. Adrenergic stress

A

A

29
Q

How many classes of sodium channel blockers are there?

A. I

B. I, II

C. I, II, III

D. I, II, III, IV

A

D

30
Q

Which class of Na Channel Blockers is subdivided into classes 1A, 1B and 1C?

A. Class I

B. Class II

C. Class III

D. Class IV

A

A

31
Q

Which of these is in the Class IA Na Channel Blockers? (select all)

A. Quinidine

B. Lidocaine

C. Procainamide

D. Flecainide

E. Disopyramide

A

A, C, E

32
Q

Which of these drugs are in the class 1B Na Channel blockers? (Select All)

A. Lidocaine

B. Quinidine

C. Procainamide

D. Mexiletine

E. Flecainide

A

A, D

33
Q

Which of these drugs are class 1C Na Channel Blockers?

A. Flecainide

B. Disopyramide

C. Flecainide

D. Moricizine

E. Lidocaine

A

A,C,D

34
Q

What class of drugs consists of Class II Antiarrhythmics?

A. Na Channel Blockers

B. Beta blockers

C. Calcium channel blockers

D. Miscellaneous

A

B

35
Q

All of the following Beta blockers are part of Class II antiarrhythmics EXCEPT:

A. Atenolol

B. Metoprolol

C. Sotalol

D. Propranolol

A

C

Sotalol is part of the class III antiarrhythmics due to its Potassium-channel blocking activity.

36
Q

What class of drugs belongs is part of the class III antiarrhythmic agents?

A. Na Channel blockers

B. Beta Blockers

C. Potassium channel blockers

D. Calcium channel blockers

E. Miscellaneous

A

C

37
Q

Which of the following drugs are part of the Class III potassium channel blockers?

A. Amiodarone

B. Dronedarone

C. Dofetalide

D. Ibutilide

E. Sotalol

F. All of the above

A

F

Remember:

Amiodarone

Dronedarone

Dofetalide

Ibutilide

Sotalol

38
Q

Which class of drugs are the class IV antiarrhythmic agents composed of?

A. Na channel blockers

B. Beta blockers

C. Calcium channel blockers

D. Potassium channel blockers

E. Miscellaneous

A

C

39
Q

Class IV Ca channel blockers consist of Non-dihydropyradines. Which of these drugs belongs to this class of antiarrhythmics? (select all)

A. Diltiazem

B. Nifedipine

C. Amlodpine

D. Verapamil

E. Nicardipine

A

A, D

40
Q

All of the following drugs are considered Miscellaneous-class antiarrhythmics EXCEPT:

A. Digoxin

B. Adenosine

C. Mg2+

D. K+

E. ibutilide

A

E

41
Q

Which of the follwing are effects of sodium channel blockers? (select all)

A. Local anesthetics

B. Increase QT interval

C. Increase threshold

D. WIden QRS

E. Decrease conduction velocity

A

A, C, D, E

Remember: When you WIDEN the QRS you decrease the conduction velocity of muscle tissue such as the ventricles.

42
Q
A

PCOL Cardio Questions (4 decks)

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