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PCM Midterm Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Hip ROM

A 
Flexion- 90
Flexion with knee flexed- 120-135
Extension- 15-30
Abduction- 45-50
Adduction- 20-30
Internal Rotation- 30-40
External Rotation- 40-60
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2
Q 
What muscle is responsible for:
Hip flexion?
Hip extension?
Hip abduction?
Hip adduction?
A

Flexion- Iliopsoas
Extension- Gluteus maximus
Abduction- Gluteus medius and minimus
Adduction- Adductor longus

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3
Q

What is in the central compartment of the hip?

A

Labrum, ligamentum teres, articular surfaces

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4
Q

What is in the peripheral compartment of hip?

A

Femoral neck, synovial lining

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5
Q

What is in the lateral compartment of the hip?

A

Gluteus medius/minimus, piriformis, IT band, trochanteric bursae

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6
Q

What is in the anterior compartment?

A

Iliopsoas insertion and bursae

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7
Q

What is the log roll test? What compartments does it test for?

A

Nonspecific central or peripheral pathology

Patient supine, roll leg internally and externally

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8
Q

What are the 5 central compartment tests?

A 
C-sign
Labral loading
Labral distraction
Scour
Apprehension FABER
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9
Q

What is the c-sign test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient cups above trochanter with fingers
Central compartment
C-sign is positive
Indicates- labral pathology

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10
Q

What is labral loading?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Flex patients knee and hip 90, apply posterior force
Central compartment
Positive test- pain
Indicates- labral or cartilage pathology

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11
Q

What is labral distraction?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Labral loading, but pull femur anteriorly
Central compartment
Positive test- improve pain
Indicates- labral or cartilage pathology

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12
Q

What is the scour test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Flex, externally rotate, and move in circular motion
Central compartment
Positive test- pain
Indicates- labral or cartilage pathology

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13
Q

What is apprehension FABER test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Flex, abduct, and externally rotate hip
Central compartment
Positive test- apprehension
Indicates- anterior labral pathology

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14
Q

What are the 2 test for peripheral compartment of hip?

A

Ely’s test

Rectus femoris test

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15
Q

What is Ely’s test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient prone, flex knees
Peripheral compartment
Positive test- ipsilateral hip raises
Indicates- rectus femoris contracture

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16
Q

What is rectus femoris test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient supine, flex one hip to chest, let other fall over end of table
Peripheral compartment
Positive test- knee flexed less than 90
Indicates- rectus femoris contracture

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17
Q

What are the 6 tests for lateral compartment of hip?

A 
Jump sign
Straight leg raise test
Ober's test
Piriformis test
Trendelenburg
Patricks FABER
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18
Q

What is jump sign?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient seated, apply pressure to greater trochanter
Lateral compartment
Positive test- jumps with pressure
Indicates- trochanteric bursitis

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19
Q

What is straight leg raise test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Raise leg with knee extended
Lateral compartment
Positive test- pain
Indicates- lateral compartment pathology

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20
Q

What is obers test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient lat recumbent, abduct top leg and then lower
Lateral compartment
Positive test- cant adduct
Indicates- IT Band contracture

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21
Q

What is piriformis test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient supine with hip and knee flexed with other leg over the flexed knee; have them abduct against resistance
Lateral compartment
Positive test- pain at greater trochanter
Indicates- piriformis pathology

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22
Q

What is trendelenburg test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient stands, lifts one foot off floor
Lateral compartment
Positive test- cant keep hip level
Indicates- contralateral gluteus medius weakness

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23
Q

What is Patricks FABER test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Hip flexed, abducted, external rotated. Brace contralateral ASIS and have them abduct against resistance
Lateral compartment
Positive test- pain
Indicates- gluteus medius weakness

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24
Q

What are the 3 tests for anterior hip compartment?

A

Patricks FABER
Psoas Test
Thomas Test

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25
What is Patrick FABER for anterior compartment? What compartment? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Hip flexed, abducted, externally rotated; brace contralateral ASIS, adduct against resistance Anterior compartment Positive test- medial groin pain Indicates- iliopsoas pathology
26
What is psoas test? What compartment? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Flex hip to 30 and then continue to flex against resistance Anterior compartment Positive test- pain/weakness Indicates- iliopsoas pathology
27
What is thomas test? What compartment? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Patient supine and pull knee to chest, lower one leg off table Anterior compartment Positive test- cant extend lowered leg completely Indicates- iliopsoas contracture
28
What is genu Valgum?
Knees close together and feet further apart | Aka Knock Kneed
29
What is genu varus?
Legs are bowed | Bow legged
30
What is genu recurvatum?
Knees hyperextended
31
What is Q angle? What is normal angle? What sex has larger q angle?
Angle formed from line from ASIS to knee and from tibial tuberosity to knee 15 is normal Females > males
32
What is knee ROM?
Flexion- 145-150 hamstrings Extend- 0 quads Internal/external rotate- 10
33
What nerve root is primarily tested by patellar reflex test?
L4
34
What is a positive test for valgus test of knee? | What does it indicate?
Positive valgus test- increased laxity or pain | Indicates- tibial collateral ligament (MCL) pathology
35
What is a positive varus test of knee? | What does it indicate?
Positive varus test- increased laxity or pain | Indicates- fibular collateral ligament (LCL) pathology
36
What are the tests for ACL and PCL stability?
ACL: Anterior drawer test Lachmans test PCL: Posterior drawer test Reverse Lachmans test Lachmans test- you pull tibia ant with one hand and push femur post with other
37
What is McMurrays test? What does it test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Patient supine with hip and knee flexed, then apply internal rotation with varus test or external rotation with valgus test and move into extension Test for meniscus cartilage Positive test- pain or clicking Indicates- meniscus pathology
38
What is Aply Grind-compression test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Prone with knee flexed, provide anterior force and rotate Positive test- pain Indicates- meniscus pathology
39
What is Apley Grind- distraction test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Patient prone with knee flexed, pull leg up and rotate Positive test- pain with distraction Indicate- collateral ligament pathology
40
What is patellar laxity test? What is positive test? What does it indicate?
Patient supine, push patella laterally with thumbs Positive test- apprehension Indicates- history of patellar instability
41
What is patellar compression test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Patient supine, apply downward force on knee and move medially and laterally Positive test- pain Indicates- inflammation or chondromalacia
42
What is patellar-femoral grinding test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Patient supine, push patella inferiorly and have patient flex quads Positive test- pain Indicates- chondromalacia
43
What is patellar glide test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Have patient flex and extend knee while you palpate Positive test- clicking Indicates- articular surface damage
44
What is the primary stabilizer of the medial ankle?
Deltoid ligament
45
What makes up the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, metatarsals 1-3
46
What makes up the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?
Calcaneus, cuboid, metatarsal 4 and 5
47
What makes up the transverse distal tarsal arch of the foot?
Navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms, and proximal metatarsals
48
What is ankle ROM?
Dorsiflex- 15-20 Plantarflex- 50-65 (55-65) Inversion- 35 (20-35) Eversion- 20 (10-20)
49
What is the primary nerve root tested in the Achilles reflex test?
S1
50
What is anterior drawer test for ankle? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Hold calcaneus with one hand and distal tibia/fibula with other and apply anterior force on calcaneus Positive test- pain or increased laxity Indicates- anterior talofibular tear
51
What is Talar tilt test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Hold distal tibia/fibula with one hand and calcaneus with other hand and invert calcaneus Positive test- increased laxity Indicates- calcaneofibular ligament pathology
52
What is eversion test of ankle? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Hold distal tibia/fibula with one hand and hold midfoot with other hand and evert Positive test- increased laxity Indicate- deltoid ligament pathology
53
What is the squeeze test for ankle? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Squeeze around distal tibia/fibula and then let go Positive test- pain at syndesmosis Indicates- syndesmosis pathology or high ankle sprain
54
What is cross leg test of ankle? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Have patient cross affected leg over opposite knee Positive test- pain at distal ankle Indicates- syndesmosis pathology
55
What is Thompson test of ankle? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Squeeze calf Positive test- no plantar flexion Indicates- achilles tendon rupture
56
At what spinal level is the spine of the scapula? | At what level is the inferior angle of the scapula?
T3 | T7
57
What is ROM of glenohumeral joint?
``` Flexion- 180 Extension- 60 Abduction- 180 Horizontal abduction- 130-145 Horizontal adduction- 40-50 Internal/external rotation- 90 ```
58
What is the ROM of the AC joint?
Internal/external rotation- 10
59
``` With regards to the SC joint, in what direction does the proximal clavicular head move with: Abduction Adduction Horizontal flexion Horizontal extension ```
Abduction- inferiorly Adduction- superiorly Horizontal flexion- posteriorly Horizontal extension- anteriorly
60
``` What muscles are responsible for the following scapulothoracic joint movements: Elevation Depression Protraction Retraction Upward rotation Downward rotation ```
Elevate- upper trapezius and levator scapulae Depress- lower trapezius and lower rhomboid Protract- serratus anterior Retract- middle trapezius and rhomboids Upward rotate- upper trapezius and serratus ant Downward rotate- rhomboids, levator scapulae, lat dorsi
61
What are the two tests for rotator cuff/supraspinatus tests?
Empty can test | Drop-arm test
62
What is empty can test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Flex shoulder to 90 while abducting to 45 then internally rotate so thumbs point down and then press down on arm while they resist Positive test- pain Indicates- supraspinatus pathology
63
What is drop-arm test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Patient abducts arm 90 and then slowly adducts Positive test- arm will drop rapidly Indicates- supraspinatus pathology
64
What are the two tests for GH instability?
Apprehension test | Sulcus sign
65
What is apprehension test of GH joint? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Abduct shoulder 90 and flex elbow 90 then force into external rotation Positive test- apprehensive Indicate- GH instability
66
What is sulcus sign of GH joint? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Pull humerus inferiorly Positive test- sulcus appears below acromion Indicates- GH instability
67
What are the 2 test for long head of biceps?
Yergasons test | Speeds test
68
What is Yergasons test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Have patient supinate and externally rotate against resistance Positive test- pain in bicipital groove Indicates- bicipital tendonitis
69
What is speeds test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Arm flexed with hand supinated, have them flex arm more against resistance Positive test- pain in bicipital groove Indicates- bicipital tendonitis
70
What are the two tests for rotator cuff impingement?
Neer impingement test | Hawkins test
71
What is neer impingement test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Pronate forearm and passively flex shoulder to full ROM Positive test- pain Indicates- subacromial bursa impingement
72
What is hawkins test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
FLex shoulder and elbow to 90, then adduct and passively internally rotate humerus Positive test- pain Indicates- subacromial bursa impingement
73
What are the coupled motions of Apley scratch test?
Upper- external rotation and abduction | Lower- internal rotation and adduction
74
What is lift off test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Have patient internally rotate and adduct arm so arm is behind back; have them push off against resistance Positive test- weakness Indicates- subscapularis pathology
75
What is the carrying angle? What is normal? What is cubitus varus? What is cubitus valgus?
Made by axis of arm and forearm Normal is 5-15 with females having larger Cubitus varus- <5 Cubitus valgus- >15
76
What is ROM of Elbow?
Flexion- 140-150 Extension- 0 to -5 Pronate/supinate- 90
77
What is valgus stress test of elbow? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Apply valgus stress to elbow to induce ulnar abduction Positive test- pain or increased laxity Indicates- UCL pathology
78
What is varus stress test of elbow? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Apply varus stress test to elbow to induce ulnar adduction Positive test- pain or increased laxity Indicates- RCL pathology
79
What is tinel test of elbow? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Tap between olecranon and medial epicondyle in ulnar groove Positive test- tingling sensation Indicates- ulnar nerve entrapment or cubital tunnel syndrome
80
What is Golfers elbow test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Flex elbow 90, supinate, and have patient flex wrist against resistance Positive test- pain at medial epicondyle Indicates- medial epicondylitis
81
What is Tennis elbow test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Elbow flexed 90 and pronated and have patient extend against resistance Positive test pain at lateral epicondyle Indicates- lateral epicondylitis
82
What is Nursemaids Elbow?
Child gets pulled by arms Subluxation of radial head and tearing annular ligament Restricted on posterior glide
83
What are coupled motions of elbow?
Ulnar adduction with supination Ulnar abduction with pronation Radial head anterior glide with supination Radial head posterior glide with pronation
84
What are ROM of wrist?
Extension- 70 Flexion- 80-90 Adduction/ulnar deviation- 30-40 Abduction/radial deviation- 20-30
85
What are coupled motions of wrist?
Flexion and posterior carpal glide Extension and anterior carpal glide Adduction and ulnar abduction Abduction and ulnar adduction
86
What nerve does the OK sign test?
Anterior interosseous nerve
87
What is Tinels Sign for Carpal tunnel syndrome? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Tap between thenar and hypothenar eminence Positive test- tingling to thumb, index, and middle finger Indicates- median n entrapment or carpal tunnel syndrome
88
What is Phalen's sign test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Hold dorsal aspects of hands together for about a minute Positive test- reproduction of symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome Indicates- median nerve entrapment or carpal tunnel syndrome
89
What is Allens test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Hold both ulnar and radial arteries, then let go of one and look at color return to hand, then repeat and let go of other artery Positive test- color doesn't return when you let go of an artery Indicates- whatever side doesn't return color means that artery is occluded
90
What is finkelsteins test? What is a positive test? What does it indicate?
Make a fist with thumb tucked in and adduct/ulnar deviate Positive test- pain at lateral wrist Indicates- DeQuervains syndrome- inflamed abductor pollicis longus or extensor pollicis brevis (lateral border of anatomical snuff box)

PCM (3 decks)

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