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PCM > PCM Midterm > Flashcards

PCM Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Hip ROM

A 
Flexion- 90
Flexion with knee flexed- 120-135
Extension- 15-30
Abduction- 45-50
Adduction- 20-30
Internal Rotation- 30-40
External Rotation- 40-60
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2
Q 
What muscle is responsible for:
Hip flexion?
Hip extension?
Hip abduction?
Hip adduction?
A

Flexion- Iliopsoas
Extension- Gluteus maximus
Abduction- Gluteus medius and minimus
Adduction- Adductor longus

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3
Q

What is in the central compartment of the hip?

A

Labrum, ligamentum teres, articular surfaces

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4
Q

What is in the peripheral compartment of hip?

A

Femoral neck, synovial lining

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5
Q

What is in the lateral compartment of the hip?

A

Gluteus medius/minimus, piriformis, IT band, trochanteric bursae

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6
Q

What is in the anterior compartment?

A

Iliopsoas insertion and bursae

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7
Q

What is the log roll test? What compartments does it test for?

A

Nonspecific central or peripheral pathology

Patient supine, roll leg internally and externally

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8
Q

What are the 5 central compartment tests?

A 
C-sign
Labral loading
Labral distraction
Scour
Apprehension FABER
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9
Q

What is the c-sign test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient cups above trochanter with fingers
Central compartment
C-sign is positive
Indicates- labral pathology

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10
Q

What is labral loading?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Flex patients knee and hip 90, apply posterior force
Central compartment
Positive test- pain
Indicates- labral or cartilage pathology

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11
Q

What is labral distraction?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Labral loading, but pull femur anteriorly
Central compartment
Positive test- improve pain
Indicates- labral or cartilage pathology

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12
Q

What is the scour test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Flex, externally rotate, and move in circular motion
Central compartment
Positive test- pain
Indicates- labral or cartilage pathology

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13
Q

What is apprehension FABER test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Flex, abduct, and externally rotate hip
Central compartment
Positive test- apprehension
Indicates- anterior labral pathology

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14
Q

What are the 2 test for peripheral compartment of hip?

A

Ely’s test

Rectus femoris test

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15
Q

What is Ely’s test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient prone, flex knees
Peripheral compartment
Positive test- ipsilateral hip raises
Indicates- rectus femoris contracture

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16
Q

What is rectus femoris test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient supine, flex one hip to chest, let other fall over end of table
Peripheral compartment
Positive test- knee flexed less than 90
Indicates- rectus femoris contracture

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17
Q

What are the 6 tests for lateral compartment of hip?

A 
Jump sign
Straight leg raise test
Ober's test
Piriformis test
Trendelenburg
Patricks FABER
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18
Q

What is jump sign?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient seated, apply pressure to greater trochanter
Lateral compartment
Positive test- jumps with pressure
Indicates- trochanteric bursitis

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19
Q

What is straight leg raise test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Raise leg with knee extended
Lateral compartment
Positive test- pain
Indicates- lateral compartment pathology

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20
Q

What is obers test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient lat recumbent, abduct top leg and then lower
Lateral compartment
Positive test- cant adduct
Indicates- IT Band contracture

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21
Q

What is piriformis test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient supine with hip and knee flexed with other leg over the flexed knee; have them abduct against resistance
Lateral compartment
Positive test- pain at greater trochanter
Indicates- piriformis pathology

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22
Q

What is trendelenburg test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient stands, lifts one foot off floor
Lateral compartment
Positive test- cant keep hip level
Indicates- contralateral gluteus medius weakness

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23
Q

What is Patricks FABER test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Hip flexed, abducted, external rotated. Brace contralateral ASIS and have them abduct against resistance
Lateral compartment
Positive test- pain
Indicates- gluteus medius weakness

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24
Q

What are the 3 tests for anterior hip compartment?

A

Patricks FABER
Psoas Test
Thomas Test

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25
Q

What is Patrick FABER for anterior compartment?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Hip flexed, abducted, externally rotated; brace contralateral ASIS, adduct against resistance
Anterior compartment
Positive test- medial groin pain
Indicates- iliopsoas pathology

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26
Q

What is psoas test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Flex hip to 30 and then continue to flex against resistance
Anterior compartment
Positive test- pain/weakness
Indicates- iliopsoas pathology

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27
Q

What is thomas test?
What compartment?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient supine and pull knee to chest, lower one leg off table
Anterior compartment
Positive test- cant extend lowered leg completely
Indicates- iliopsoas contracture

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28
Q

What is genu Valgum?

A

Knees close together and feet further apart

Aka Knock Kneed

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29
Q

What is genu varus?

A

Legs are bowed

Bow legged

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30
Q

What is genu recurvatum?

A

Knees hyperextended

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31
Q

What is Q angle?
What is normal angle?
What sex has larger q angle?

A

Angle formed from line from ASIS to knee and from tibial tuberosity to knee
15 is normal
Females > males

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32
Q

What is knee ROM?

A

Flexion- 145-150 hamstrings
Extend- 0 quads
Internal/external rotate- 10

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33
Q

What nerve root is primarily tested by patellar reflex test?

A

L4

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34
Q

What is a positive test for valgus test of knee?

What does it indicate?

A

Positive valgus test- increased laxity or pain

Indicates- tibial collateral ligament (MCL) pathology

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35
Q

What is a positive varus test of knee?

What does it indicate?

A

Positive varus test- increased laxity or pain

Indicates- fibular collateral ligament (LCL) pathology

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36
Q

What are the tests for ACL and PCL stability?

A

ACL:
Anterior drawer test
Lachmans test

PCL:
Posterior drawer test
Reverse Lachmans test

Lachmans test- you pull tibia ant with one hand and push femur post with other

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37
Q

What is McMurrays test?
What does it test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient supine with hip and knee flexed, then apply internal rotation with varus test or external rotation with valgus test and move into extension
Test for meniscus cartilage
Positive test- pain or clicking
Indicates- meniscus pathology

38
Q

What is Aply Grind-compression test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Prone with knee flexed, provide anterior force and rotate
Positive test- pain
Indicates- meniscus pathology

39
Q

What is Apley Grind- distraction test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient prone with knee flexed, pull leg up and rotate
Positive test- pain with distraction
Indicate- collateral ligament pathology

40
Q

What is patellar laxity test?
What is positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient supine, push patella laterally with thumbs
Positive test- apprehension
Indicates- history of patellar instability

41
Q

What is patellar compression test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient supine, apply downward force on knee and move medially and laterally
Positive test- pain
Indicates- inflammation or chondromalacia

42
Q

What is patellar-femoral grinding test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient supine, push patella inferiorly and have patient flex quads
Positive test- pain
Indicates- chondromalacia

43
Q

What is patellar glide test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Have patient flex and extend knee while you palpate
Positive test- clicking
Indicates- articular surface damage

44
Q

What is the primary stabilizer of the medial ankle?

A

Deltoid ligament

45
Q

What makes up the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, metatarsals 1-3

46
Q

What makes up the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Calcaneus, cuboid, metatarsal 4 and 5

47
Q

What makes up the transverse distal tarsal arch of the foot?

A

Navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms, and proximal metatarsals

48
Q

What is ankle ROM?

A

Dorsiflex- 15-20
Plantarflex- 50-65 (55-65)
Inversion- 35 (20-35)
Eversion- 20 (10-20)

49
Q

What is the primary nerve root tested in the Achilles reflex test?

A

S1

50
Q

What is anterior drawer test for ankle?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Hold calcaneus with one hand and distal tibia/fibula with other and apply anterior force on calcaneus
Positive test- pain or increased laxity
Indicates- anterior talofibular tear

51
Q

What is Talar tilt test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Hold distal tibia/fibula with one hand and calcaneus with other hand and invert calcaneus
Positive test- increased laxity
Indicates- calcaneofibular ligament pathology

52
Q

What is eversion test of ankle?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Hold distal tibia/fibula with one hand and hold midfoot with other hand and evert
Positive test- increased laxity
Indicate- deltoid ligament pathology

53
Q

What is the squeeze test for ankle?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Squeeze around distal tibia/fibula and then let go
Positive test- pain at syndesmosis
Indicates- syndesmosis pathology or high ankle sprain

54
Q

What is cross leg test of ankle?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Have patient cross affected leg over opposite knee
Positive test- pain at distal ankle
Indicates- syndesmosis pathology

55
Q

What is Thompson test of ankle?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Squeeze calf
Positive test- no plantar flexion
Indicates- achilles tendon rupture

56
Q

At what spinal level is the spine of the scapula?

At what level is the inferior angle of the scapula?

A

T3

T7

57
Q

What is ROM of glenohumeral joint?

A 
Flexion- 180
Extension- 60
Abduction- 180
Horizontal abduction- 130-145
Horizontal adduction- 40-50
Internal/external rotation- 90
58
Q

What is the ROM of the AC joint?

A

Internal/external rotation- 10

59
Q 
With regards to the SC joint, in what direction does the proximal clavicular head move with:
Abduction
Adduction
Horizontal flexion
Horizontal extension
A

Abduction- inferiorly
Adduction- superiorly
Horizontal flexion- posteriorly
Horizontal extension- anteriorly

60
Q 
What muscles are responsible for the following scapulothoracic joint movements:
Elevation
Depression
Protraction
Retraction
Upward rotation
Downward rotation
A

Elevate- upper trapezius and levator scapulae
Depress- lower trapezius and lower rhomboid
Protract- serratus anterior
Retract- middle trapezius and rhomboids
Upward rotate- upper trapezius and serratus ant
Downward rotate- rhomboids, levator scapulae, lat dorsi

61
Q

What are the two tests for rotator cuff/supraspinatus tests?

A

Empty can test

Drop-arm test

62
Q

What is empty can test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Flex shoulder to 90 while abducting to 45 then internally rotate so thumbs point down and then press down on arm while they resist
Positive test- pain
Indicates- supraspinatus pathology

63
Q

What is drop-arm test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Patient abducts arm 90 and then slowly adducts
Positive test- arm will drop rapidly
Indicates- supraspinatus pathology

64
Q

What are the two tests for GH instability?

A

Apprehension test

Sulcus sign

65
Q

What is apprehension test of GH joint?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Abduct shoulder 90 and flex elbow 90 then force into external rotation
Positive test- apprehensive
Indicate- GH instability

66
Q

What is sulcus sign of GH joint?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Pull humerus inferiorly
Positive test- sulcus appears below acromion
Indicates- GH instability

67
Q

What are the 2 test for long head of biceps?

A

Yergasons test

Speeds test

68
Q

What is Yergasons test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Have patient supinate and externally rotate against resistance
Positive test- pain in bicipital groove
Indicates- bicipital tendonitis

69
Q

What is speeds test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Arm flexed with hand supinated, have them flex arm more against resistance
Positive test- pain in bicipital groove
Indicates- bicipital tendonitis

70
Q

What are the two tests for rotator cuff impingement?

A

Neer impingement test

Hawkins test

71
Q

What is neer impingement test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Pronate forearm and passively flex shoulder to full ROM
Positive test- pain
Indicates- subacromial bursa impingement

72
Q

What is hawkins test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

FLex shoulder and elbow to 90, then adduct and passively internally rotate humerus
Positive test- pain
Indicates- subacromial bursa impingement

73
Q

What are the coupled motions of Apley scratch test?

A

Upper- external rotation and abduction

Lower- internal rotation and adduction

74
Q

What is lift off test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Have patient internally rotate and adduct arm so arm is behind back; have them push off against resistance
Positive test- weakness
Indicates- subscapularis pathology

75
Q

What is the carrying angle?
What is normal?
What is cubitus varus?
What is cubitus valgus?

A

Made by axis of arm and forearm
Normal is 5-15 with females having larger
Cubitus varus- <5
Cubitus valgus- >15

76
Q

What is ROM of Elbow?

A

Flexion- 140-150
Extension- 0 to -5
Pronate/supinate- 90

77
Q

What is valgus stress test of elbow?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Apply valgus stress to elbow to induce ulnar abduction
Positive test- pain or increased laxity
Indicates- UCL pathology

78
Q

What is varus stress test of elbow?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Apply varus stress test to elbow to induce ulnar adduction
Positive test- pain or increased laxity
Indicates- RCL pathology

79
Q

What is tinel test of elbow?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Tap between olecranon and medial epicondyle in ulnar groove
Positive test- tingling sensation
Indicates- ulnar nerve entrapment or cubital tunnel syndrome

80
Q

What is Golfers elbow test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Flex elbow 90, supinate, and have patient flex wrist against resistance
Positive test- pain at medial epicondyle
Indicates- medial epicondylitis

81
Q

What is Tennis elbow test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Elbow flexed 90 and pronated and have patient extend against resistance
Positive test pain at lateral epicondyle
Indicates- lateral epicondylitis

82
Q

What is Nursemaids Elbow?

A

Child gets pulled by arms
Subluxation of radial head and tearing annular ligament
Restricted on posterior glide

83
Q

What are coupled motions of elbow?

A

Ulnar adduction with supination
Ulnar abduction with pronation
Radial head anterior glide with supination
Radial head posterior glide with pronation

84
Q

What are ROM of wrist?

A

Extension- 70
Flexion- 80-90
Adduction/ulnar deviation- 30-40
Abduction/radial deviation- 20-30

85
Q

What are coupled motions of wrist?

A

Flexion and posterior carpal glide
Extension and anterior carpal glide
Adduction and ulnar abduction
Abduction and ulnar adduction

86
Q

What nerve does the OK sign test?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve

87
Q

What is Tinels Sign for Carpal tunnel syndrome?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Tap between thenar and hypothenar eminence
Positive test- tingling to thumb, index, and middle finger
Indicates- median n entrapment or carpal tunnel syndrome

88
Q

What is Phalen’s sign test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Hold dorsal aspects of hands together for about a minute
Positive test- reproduction of symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome
Indicates- median nerve entrapment or carpal tunnel syndrome

89
Q

What is Allens test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Hold both ulnar and radial arteries, then let go of one and look at color return to hand, then repeat and let go of other artery
Positive test- color doesn’t return when you let go of an artery
Indicates- whatever side doesn’t return color means that artery is occluded

90
Q

What is finkelsteins test?
What is a positive test?
What does it indicate?

A

Make a fist with thumb tucked in and adduct/ulnar deviate
Positive test- pain at lateral wrist
Indicates- DeQuervains syndrome- inflamed abductor pollicis longus or extensor pollicis brevis (lateral border of anatomical snuff box)

PCM (3 decks)

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