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CV > PCM > Flashcards

PCM Flashcards

1
Q

Pre HTN?

A

120-139/80-89

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2
Q

stage 1 HTN?

A

140-159/90-99

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3
Q

stage 2 HTN?

A

> 160/>100

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4
Q

s3 due to? heard where? when? with what?

A

blood flow from atria to vents
apex
early diastole
bell

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5
Q

S4 due to? heard where? when? with what?

A

atrial contraction
ICS2
late diastole
diaphragm

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6
Q

loud crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur? where is it heard best?

A

aortic stenosis

Right ICS2

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7
Q

risk factors for calcific AS?

A 
hypercholesterolemia
DM
HTN
smoking
rheumatic fever
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8
Q

what is the most common valvular disease in the developed world?

A

AS

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9
Q

When is AS referred for aortic valve replacement?

A

once symptomatic

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10
Q

in AS, w/o surgical tx, avg overall survival in symptomatic patients is ___ years

A

2-3 years

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11
Q

when AS is severe, systolic murmur may become ____, ___ is absent, ___ is present, see ___ carotid upstroke

A

inaudible
S2
S4
delayed

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12
Q

Murmurs in mitral regurg: describe it, heard best? loud ___, quiet ___, louder with ___

A 
holosystolic
apex
loud S3
quiet S1
Valsalva
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13
Q

Diastolic blowing murmur? heard where?

A

aortic regurg

L sternal border

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14
Q

when does aortic regurg murmur increase?

A

handgrip or squatting

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15
Q

rumbling diastolic murmur? heard best where? loud ___?

A

mitral stenosis
apex
S1 is loud

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16
Q

machine like murmur? heard best where?

A

PDA

L ICS2

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17
Q

most common cardiac (structural) palpitation? most common noncardiac cause?

A

MVP

panic disorder

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18
Q

Can normal resting ECG rule out arrhythmia?

A

no, ECG is just a snapshot

19
Q

what reduces the likelihood that palpitations are caused by arrhythmias?

A

family Hx of panic disorder

palpitations lasting <5 minutes

20
Q

mid systolic click? what kind of murmur?

A

MVP

late systolic or pan-systolic

21
Q

inheritance of MVP?

A

AD with variable penetrance

22
Q

most common arrhythmia in clinical practice

A

atrial fib

23
Q

what arrhythmia has an increased risk of stroke?

A

a fib

24
Q

what are the CHADs criteria and how many points for each?

A 
previous stroke or TIA (2)
>75 (1)
HTN (1)
DM (1)
HF (1)
25
Q

tx for CHAD score 2-6? 1? 0?

A

warfarin
warfarin or aspirin
aspirin

26
Q

most common cause of systolic HF?

A

CAD (60-70% of cases)

27
Q

most common cause of diastolic HF?

A

HTN

28
Q

common causes of HF?

A

CAD
HTN
idopathic cardiomyopathy
valvular heart disease

29
Q

pulmonary edema is only seen in ___ failure

A

LV

30
Q

what can rule in HF?

A 
displaced cardiac apex (major)
S3 (major)
edema
PND
JVD
orthopnea
crackles
murmur
31
Q

what can rule out HF?

A

absence of dyspnea on exertion

reduced BNP

32
Q

NYHA HF class 1: limitations? sx?

A

none, none

33
Q

NYHA HF class 2: limitations? sx?

A

mild limitations of physical activity

symptoms on exertion, comfortable at rest or with mild activity

34
Q

NYHA HF class 3: limitations? sx?

A

marked limitation of physical activity

HF symptoms with mild exertion, only comfy at rest

35
Q

NYHA HF class 4: limitations? sx?

A

any activity

symptoms at rest

36
Q

what is the most common cause of death in women?

A

CVD

37
Q

Chest pain in women features…

A

delayed dx
fewer interventions
dx tests less accurate
lower pretest probability

38
Q

what is the initial care of a suspected acute MI?

A 
MONA
Morphine
Oxygen
Nitroglycerine
Aspirin
39
Q

What improves survival post MI?

A

beta blocker

40
Q

clinical triad with pericarditis?

A

chest pain
friction rub
diffuse ST (and PR depression without flipped T waves)

41
Q

presentation with costochondritis?

A

sick a few weeks ago with cold/flu

sharp stabbing pain

42
Q

what are causes of aortic dissection?

A

HTN, cocaine, tertiary syphilis (marfans, Ehrlos danlos)

43
Q

What is motivational interviewing?

A

uses pt insignt as means for exploring attitude/behavioral changes that would benefit their health

44
Q

who controls the interaction in motivational interviewing?

A

patient

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