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CV > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

which heart wall layer contains purkinje fibers?

A

endocardium

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2
Q

how do purkinje fibers stain compared to cardiac muscle fibers?

A

larger, larger nuclei, stain pale

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3
Q

what defines a portal system? what are the two portal systems?

A

when a vein or arteriole is interposed bw two capillary networks

hepatic
hypothalamic-hypophyseal

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4
Q

what is the tunica intima composed of?

A

endothelium, basement membrane, subendothelial layer with CT and an internal elastic lamina

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5
Q

What is the tunica media composed of?

A

circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells, elastic and collagen fibers, and sometimes an external elastic membrane

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6
Q

what is the tunica adventitia composed of?

A

CT, with vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum

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7
Q

what parts of the vessel does the vasa vasorum supply?

A

the tunica adventitia and media (intima is supplied by the vessel)

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8
Q

what is the function of the nervi vascularis (nervi vasorum)?

A

contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles in the media

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9
Q

what are general features of endothelial cells?

A 
homeostasis
maintain selective permeability
maintain nonthrombogenic barrier
modulate BF and vascular resistance
hormonal synthesis
modification of lipoproteins by oxidation
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10
Q

what are general features of smooth muscle cells?

A

maintain BP

produce elastin, reticular fibers, and proteoglycans

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11
Q

what are large arteries AKA? example? features?

A

elastic arteries
aorta

media thicker than adventitia
many fenestrated sheets of elastic lamellae in media
collagen fibers in media and adventitia (prevents excessive distention of the large arteries)

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12
Q

what are medium arteries AKA? features?

A

muscular arteries

more smooth muscle in media
prominent internal elastic lamina
thin subendothelial layer
little elastic material

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13
Q

how many layers of smooth muscle in arterioles?

A

1-5

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14
Q

how to distinguish small from medium arteries?

A

count the layers of smooth muscle nuclei (arterioles have < 5 ; medium arteries have >5)

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15
Q

structure of capillary?

A

single layer of endothelium and basal lamina

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16
Q

3 types of capillaries?

A

continuous, fenestrated, discontinuous

17
Q

where are continuous capillaries found?

A

muscle lung CNS

18
Q

what kind of junctions in continuous capillaries?

A

occluding junctions

19
Q

what are rouget cells?

A

pericytes that are associated with some capillaries and can give rise to endothelial and smooth muscle cells

20
Q

where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

endocrine glands

21
Q

what are fenestrations spanned by?

A

thin diaphragms

22
Q

what are discontinuous capillaries AKA?

A

sinusoids

23
Q

Where are sinusoids found?

A

liver spleen bone marrow

24
Q

features of sinusoids?

A

larger diameter
irregular shape
incomplete basal lamina
gaps bw endothelial cells

25
Q

in the liver, sinusoidal space has what?

A

macrophages (kupffer cells

26
Q

where is the principal site of action for histamine and serotonin?

A

postcapillary venules

27
Q

what do veins contain that arteries don’t

A

unidirectional valves

28
Q

in veins, adventitia is larger/smaller than media

A

larger

29
Q

in large veins, the tunic adventitia has bundles of _____

A

longitudinally disposed smooth muscle

30
Q

differences bw large artery and vein?

A

vein has less thick wall (thinner media) but larger luminal diameter (is often collapsed)

31
Q

what are AV shunts or anastamoses?

A

they regulate BF by allowing direct communication bw arterioles and venules

32
Q

what happens when AV shunts contract? relax?

A

send blood to capillaries

sends blood directly from arterioles to venules

33
Q

where are lymphatic vessles numerous?

A

in loose CT under the epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes

34
Q

two large lymphatic trunks?

A

thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

CV (4 decks)

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