Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

617 eyes > PC617-Pulmonary Disorders > Flashcards

PC617-Pulmonary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary TB

A

LTBI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Secondary TB

A

Usually pulmonary

apex of the lung (high oxygen area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TB clinical manifestations

A 
fatigue
anorexia
weight loss
night sweats
low grade diurnal fever
cough
chest pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TB exam

A

Rales in upper posterior area
maybe evidence of plueral effusion
lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TB testing

A

Mantoux test- read in 48-72 hours
two step testing -healthcare workers who have not been tested in over 12 months over 45 yrs of age
Anergy-Immune system compromised
QFT-G-blood test. comes back in 24 hours (expensive)
Chest x-ray- if positive, to exclude pulmonary disease; if neg, then prophylaxis with INH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TB Tx with INH

A 
Induration >5mm  Consider positive with
-HIV clients
Close contacts of positive case
person with fibrolytic lesions
-organ transplant recipients
-Other immunocompromised clients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TB DX

A

Induration >10mm
-recent immigrant
-residents in high risk community (jail, nursing home, etc)
-low income population, medically underserved
-children younger than 4
infants, children, adolescents exposed to adult with TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TB DX-

A

Induration >15

person with no risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TB Tx

A

Treat even if they had BCG vaccine
Side effects of INH-
Liver disease, Hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TB Tx

A

Add B6 to decrease risk of person getting peripheral neuropathy in those with diabetes, uremia, alcoholic, pregnant, seizure disorder
If positive x-ray- refer and report to HD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

INH

A

Take for 9 mos. 5mg/kg or up to 300mg daily

Do not do Mantoux test if +Hx of TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Influenza

A 
Acute infection of the respiratory tract
-Spread by droplet
-highly contagious
-Fever, chills, nasal congestion,with clear drainage, sore throat,-cough is most prominent
Fever peaks in about 24 hrs`
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Influenza tests

A

Rapid test or expensive cell cultures. Takes 2-7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Influenza Treatment

A

rest, fluids, antipyretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antiviral meds

A

Oseltamivir and Zanamivir-Reduce only by a day
Must start within 48 hours
May use prophylactically in high risk persons
Influenza vaccine is best prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic inflammatory disorder

Triggered by allergens, infections, exercise, ASA, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Asthma S/S

A

episodic wheezing with dyspnea
wheezing
breathlessness, anxiety, sptum production
Most COMMON-cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Exercise Induced Asthma-least brought on by swimming and could be caused by change in movement of air

A

Can treat with SABA or in children Cromolyn as 2nd choice if happens often.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Asthma

A

Acute severe asthma can be brought on by self-mediating with SABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chronic Stable Asthma

A

controlled with meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Look at the step system and tx

A

On Asthma flashcards

23
Q

Spirometry

A

get personal best.
Mild asthma will have decreased PEFR, FEV1, MMEFR
Bronchospasm=decreased FEV1, MMEFR and FEV1/FVC ratio

24
Q

To diagnose Asthma

A

decreased obstruction after inhalation of bronchodilator

25
Q

EIA

A

Tx with SABA and spacer, check for heart disease
Cromolyn for long term use if needed
Very safe

26
Q

Mild Asthma

A

Add ICS and remind to rinse mouth and spit after use. Could get thrush. Remind client it will not work for 2-3 weeks

27
Q

ACUTE Bronchitis

A

Transcient inflammation fo the trachea and major bronchi

Begins with URI, cough that causes burning pain in chest and when symptoms subside, client still has cough

28
Q

Acute Bronchitis

A

Coarse rales, wheezes and rhonchi
Dx: s/s. No testing
Cough, normal VS

29
Q

Acute Bronchitis

A

Could be caused by viral illness, socioeconomic deprivatoin, anxiety, depressoin, stress

30
Q

Acute Bronchitis

A

Refer if not responding to treatment in 2 weeks.
Education-side effects of medication. Cough may persist for 10-14 days
Tx;: rest, fluids, inhaler, Dextramethorphan

31
Q

Pneumonia-Bacterial

A

most common organism-CAP=streptococcus pneumoniae

leading cause of death from infectious disease

32
Q

Pneumonia

A

Tactile fremitis, fine rales, Temp over 102, RR high, If over 60 may need to be hospitalized

33
Q

Pneumonia

A

increased tactile fremitis
egophany
consolidation

34
Q

Pneumonia-Bacteria

Consider hospitalization if HR>30, multilobar infiltrates, BUN>20, WBC,4000, confusion/disorientation

A

If treating as outpatient
-Need to do cultures
Treat with Macrolides or Doxycycline as 1st line
If co-morbidities or high risk resistance- treat with -Moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin
If not these, Macrolide +augmentin

35
Q

Gram Negative Pneumonia

A

Haemophilus influenza

  • older adults
  • w/ COPD
  • chest pain
  • x-ray with consolidation
36
Q

Atypical Pneumonia-Mycoplasma Pneumonia

A

Fine rales, interstitial changes in lungs, but no consolidation, blister on TM, WBC normal or slightly elevated.
Younger people who live in dorms, etc.

37
Q

Pneumonia education

A

rest, increased fluids, antipyretic, take all medications, avoid cough suppresent, follow up in 24 hours or have come back in 24-48 hours

38
Q

Smoking

A

Most preventable disease
1 in 5 deaths related to smoking
only 7% succeed in quitting

39
Q

Six stages of change

A

What are they

40
Q

Precontemplation- Not even considering

A

FNP should listen to their perception and raise doubts

41
Q

Contemplation-Shows awareness

A

FNP should evoke reasons to change

42
Q

Dtermination-“I’ve got to do something”

A

Determine the steps with client

43
Q

Action-Patient stops

A

Help with the steps

44
Q

Maintenance-Sustains change

A

Prevent relapse

45
Q

Relapse-slips occure 3-4 times before actual success

A

Avoid discouragement

46
Q

Ask the 4 A’s

A

Ask-about smoking at every visit
Advise-about benefits
assist-help with barriers
Arrange-a follow up visit

47
Q

Concerns for stopping smoking

A

Women-weight gain
Men-Tell them it effects breathing and affects athletic image
Adolescents-Point out appearance effects
Adults-Health concers

48
Q

Pregnant women

A

Causes low bithweight babies, asthma for small children in a smokers home, otitis media in infants/toddlers

49
Q

Pharmo interventions for smoking

A

Many

50
Q

Nocotine replacements

A

gum, patch, inhaler, nasal spray

these add nocotine to the body, so warn client to not smoke

51
Q

Bupropion -Wellbutrin; Zyban)

A

Not with seizure disporder, reduce if liver problems, effects dopamine. Take 1-2 weeks before you stop smoking, not with eating disorders

52
Q

Varenicline (chantix)

A

Increases risk for heart attacks, binds nicotine receptors in the pleasure area. Can cause neuro-psychiatric problems, thoughts of suicide

53
Q

Cold Turkey

A

has the most success

54
Q

Nic-Vax

A

facilitates nicotine antibody development that prevents nicotine from getting to the brain

617 eyes (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions