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CRRAB II Week 7 > PBL Drugs > Flashcards

PBL Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of Disulfram

A

Inhibits enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which means hangover effects are felt immediately after alcohol is consumed (high acetaldehyde since it isn’t being converted by enzyme)

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2
Q

What class does Albuterol belong to?

A

Short acting beta2 agonists.

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3
Q

What is the MOA for Albuterol?

A

Stimulates Beta-2 receptors —> dilates bronchi

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4
Q

How is Albuterol administered?

A

Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI) or Nebulizer

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5
Q

What class does Salmeterol belong to?

A

Long acting beta2 agonists

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6
Q

What is the MOA for Salmeterol?

A

Stimulates beta 2 receptors –> relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

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7
Q

How is Salmeterol administered?

A

DPI (dry-powder inhaler)

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8
Q

What class does Formoterol belong to?

A

Long acting beta2 agonists

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9
Q

What is the MOA for Formoterol?

A

Stimulates beta2 receptors –> relax bronchial smooth muscle

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10
Q

How is Formoterol administered?

A

DPI (dry-powder inhaler), Nebulizer

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11
Q

What class does Aformoterol belong to?

A

Long acting beta2 agonists

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12
Q

What is the MOA for Aformoterol?

A

Stimulates beta2 receptors –> relax bronchial smooth muscle

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13
Q

How is Aformoterol administered?

A

Nebulizer

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14
Q

What side effects are associated with both short and long acting beta2 agonists?

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Skeletal muscle tremors
  • Cramping
  • Headache
  • Palpitations
  • Prolongation of the QT interval
  • Insomnia
  • Hypokalemia
  • Increases in serum glucose
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15
Q

What class does Ipratropium belong to?

A

Short-acting muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)

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16
Q

What is the MOA for Ipratropium?

A

Competitively blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors –> prevents bronchoconstriction

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17
Q

How is Ipratropium delivered?

A

Nebulizer or MDI (Atrovent)

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18
Q

What class does Tiotropium belong to?

A

Long acting muscarinic antagonists (anticholinergic)

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19
Q

What is the MOA for Tiotropium?

A

Blocks muscarinic receptors –> reduces smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion

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20
Q

How is Tiotropium delivered?

A

DPI

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21
Q

What side effects are associated with short and long acting muscarinic antagonists (anticholinergic)?

A
  • Dry mouth
  • Pharyngeal irritation
  • Urinary retention
  • Increases in intraocular pressure
22
Q

What class does Fluticasone belong to?

A

Glucocorticoid

23
Q

What is the MOA for Fluticasone?

A

(Anti-inflammatory)

  1. Transcriptionally regulates/inactivates synthesis of PLA2 (phospholipase A2) —> inhibits synthesis of inflammatory agents
  2. Inhibits NF-kB. Suppress both B and T cell function by decreasing transcription of many cytokines
24
Q

How is Fluticasone administered?

A

DPI or MDI

25
Q

What class does Budesonide belong to?

A

Glucocorticoid

26
Q

What is the MOA for Budesonide?

A

(Anti-inflammatory)

  1. Transcriptionally regulates/inactivates synthesis of PLA2 (phospholipase A2) —> inhibits synthesis of inflammatory agents
  2. Inhibits NF-kB. Suppress both B and T cell function by decreasing transcription of many cytokines
27
Q

How is Budesonide administered?

A

DPI or Nebulizer

28
Q

What side effects are associated with inhaled Glucocorticoids (like Fluticasone and Budesonide)?

A
  • Candidiasis and dysphonia
  • Systemic absorption –> associated with skin bruising, cataracts, reduced bone mineral density and increased risk of fractures.
  • Severe studies found increased risk of pneumonia with high doses
29
Q

What class does Methylprednisolone belong to?

A

Glucocorticoids

30
Q

What is the MOA of Methylprednisolone?

A

(Anti-inflammatory)

  1. Transcriptionally regulates/inactivates synthesis of PLA2 (phospholipase A2) —> inhibits synthesis of inflammatory agents
  2. Inhibits NF-kB. Suppress both B and T cell function by decreasing transcription of many cytokines
31
Q

How is Methylprednisolone administered?

A

IV or oral tablets

32
Q

What side effects are associated with Methylprednisolone?

A
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Decreased resistance to infection
  • Swelling of face
  • Weight gain
  • Congestive cardiac insufficiency
  • Fluid and sodium retention
  • Edema
  • Hypertension
  • Increased eye pressure
  • Glaucoma
  • Osteoporosis
  • Psychosis
33
Q

What is the common precursor to mineralcorticoids and aderenocortical steroids (Glucocorticoids)?

A

Cholesterol!

34
Q

What are examples of Glucocorticoids?

A

Hormones: including cortisol, cortisone, and corticosterone.

35
Q

What secretes Glucocorticoids?

A

Zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex (mesoderm)

36
Q

What controls Glucocorticoids?

A

ACTH of adrenohypophysis

37
Q

What are the four main functions of Glucocorticoids in the body (hormones)?

A
  1. Control carbohydrate, fate and protein metabolism
  2. Anti-inflammatory
  3. Repairing injury and managing stress
  4. Dull pain
38
Q

What are examples of Mineralocorticoids?

A

Most common are aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone

39
Q

What secretes Mineralocorticoids?

A

Zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex (mesoderm)

40
Q

What controls the release of mineralocorticoids?

A

Under control by RAAS

41
Q

What are four traits of Mineralocorticoids?

A
  1. Control electrolyte and water balance, stimulate kidney (steroid response element)
  2. They are NOT anti-inflammatory
  3. NOT helpful in repair or stress
  4. DO NOT manage pain
42
Q

Why is it better to use Albuterol than Propranolol or Ephedrine or Epinephrine for bronchodilation?

A

It is specific for beta2 receptors in the lung rather than being fully systemic (releasing NE/EPI) or affecting both beta2 and beta1 receptors.

43
Q

What is the class and mechanism of Propranolol?

A

Beta1 and Beta2 Antagonist —> bronchoconstriction

44
Q

What is the mechanism of Ephedrine?

A

It causes the release of NE (catecholamines) –> increases sympathetics –> vasoconstricts and bronchodilates

45
Q

What is the mechanism of Epinephrine?

A

It is a beta1, beta2 and alpha1 agonist —> bronchodilator, tachycardia (short acting)

46
Q

What is Atropine used for?

A

As a treatment for nerve gas/pesticide poisoning –> slows heart rate and decreases saliva.

  • Promotes ‘rest and digest’/parasympathetics
  • Agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
47
Q

What is N-acetylcysteine used for?

A
  • To loosen thick mucus in cystic fibrosis and COPD.
  • Provides cysteine for glutathione synthesis
  • Oxygen free-radical scavenger
  • May protect the liver following acetaminophen overdosage
48
Q

Mechanism of Ceftriaxone:

A

Blocks peptidoglycan cross-linking by binding transpeptidase.

49
Q

Mechanism of Azithromycin:

A

Binds 23s rRNA of 50s subunit & blocks translocation

  • Bacteriostatic
  • Cholestatic hepatitis
50
Q

Mechanism of Amoxicillin:

A

Blocks Peptidoglycan cross-linking

51
Q

Methylprednisone MOA:

A

Decreases synthesis of cytokines/inflamamtory mediators

52
Q

Ipratropium MOA:

A

Muscarinic antagonist –> bronchodilation & secretion dying

CRRAB II Week 7 (8 decks)

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