PBL 3 - lung infections Flashcards
acute lower respiratory tract infections
- acute bronchitis
- (infective) exacerbation of chronic lung disease
- pneumonia
chronic lower respiratory infections
- COPD
- asthma
- bronchiectasis
- (tuberculosis)
what does acute mean?
of recent onset
what is bronchitis?
inflammation of the bronchi
who usually has acute bronchitis?
typically in patients WITHOUT underlying lung disease like asthma or COPD
what is pneumonia an infection of?
lung interstitium, alveoli, airways
symptoms of pneumonia
cough, sputum, breathlessness, fever, pleuritic chest pain
what are the 3 classifications of pneumonia by source?
- CAP = community acquired (most common)
- HAP = hospital acquired
- VAP = ventilator associated
what are the 2 classifications of pneumonia by localisation?
- lobar pneumonia — one particular area, often associated with pleural inflammation
- bronchopneumonia — often affects both lower lobes, more severe, patchy alveolar consolidation associated with bronchial and bronchiolar inflammation
what are 3 classifications of pneumonia by mechanism/pathogen?
- bacterial
- viral
- aspiration
what are 3 physical defence mechanisms of lung infections?
- the nose — filters, warms and humidifies
- the larynx — coughing
- the lungs — mucociliary clearance
what are some signs of pneumonia?
- tachypnea
- tachycardia
- fever
- low BP
what does auscultation show with pneumonia?
- bronchial breathing — more harsh and loud
- coarse crackles — small air sacs filled with fluid (liquid on surface of airways popping open and closed)
- pleural rub — visceral pleura and lungs get inflamed (very painful) so can hear the surfaces rubbing against each other
- wheeze — secretions in airways
- egophony
arterial blood gases in acute bronchitis?
typically normal
what type of change is present in a CXR with pneumonia?
unilateral change
