PBL 3

Question 1

What is the mechanism of action of furosemide?

Answer 1

Inhibits the Na+/K+/2 Cl- transport system in the ascending portion of the loop of Henle in the nephron. Stopping this system, puts more NaCl, K+, and H2O in the lumen, causing more renal loss of water and electrolytes

Question 2

Clinical uses of Furosemide?

Answer 2

to treat volume overload states associated with heart failure, liver failure, and renal failure.

also treats HTN and hypercalcemia

Question 3

What is the important stuff about Spironolactone?

Answer 3

• Aldosterone antagonist
• Results in decreased ability to reabsorb Na and H2O
• Diuretic and anti-hypertensive

Question 4

What is the mechanism of action behind ACE-inhibitors?

Answer 4

• Prevent ACE from converting Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II.
• Angiotensin II causes contraction of vascular smooth muscle.
• ACE inhibitors are vasodilators, lowering blood pressure, improving blood flow, and decreasing heart workload
• Ex. Enalapril, lisinopril, captopri

Question 5

What do Angiotensin II receptor blockers do?

Answer 5

• Blocks effects of angiotensin II

- ARBs decrease peripheral resistance and the volume of circulating fluid in the body

Question 6

Mechanism of action of beta blockers?

Answer 6

• Inhibit sympathetic nervous system activity on the heart
• (acts as an antagonist against catecholamines on beta-receptors)
• Will cause slow heart rate, decreased AV conduction, and increase in AV refractory period

Question 7

What is BiDil?

Answer 7

Vasodilator that is race-specific. for African Americans

Question 8

Describe the 4 classes of CHF very briefly:

Answer 8

1- No physical activity limit
2- Comfortable at rest, exercise causes symptoms
3- Comfortable at rest, but less than ordinary activity causes symptoms
4- Severe, even at rest cardiac insufficiency is present

Question 9

Epidemiology of heart failure:

Answer 9

1-2 million adults affects

Lifetime risk is 1 in 5