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Pharmacy Practice > PBA: Spring 2016 OTC > Flashcards

PBA: Spring 2016 OTC Flashcards

1
Q

What are five (5) exclusions to Heartburn self-treatment?

A
  1. Frequent heartburn for more than 3 months
  2. Nocturnal heartburn
  3. Vomiting up blood or black material or passing tarry stools
  4. Heartburn that continues after 2 weeks of treatment with a nonprescription H2RA or PPI
  5. Children under 2 years [antacids], 12 years [H2RAs], 18 years [PPIs]
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2
Q

Describe the treatment algorithm for Heartburn

A
  1. Assess patients condition [symptom severity, history, onset, aggravating factors, MAC-P]
  2. Check for exclusions to self-treatment
  3. Episodic or Frequent?
  4. For mild episodic, recommend lifestyle and antacid.
  5. For moderate episodic [or prevention], recommend lifestyle and H2RA.
  6. For frequent heartburn [>2 days per week], recommend PPI once daily x 14 days.
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3
Q

What are three dietary/lifestyle modifications for heartburn?

A
  1. Eat smaller meals
  2. Reduce intake of dietary fat
  3. Refrain from eating 3 hours before going to bed or lying down
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4
Q

How do you administer antacids?

A
  1. Take product recommended dosage at onset of symptoms,
  2. Can repeat dose after 1-2 hours.
  3. Should reevaluate if taking more than twice a week [implies frequent heartburn].
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5
Q

What are expected benefits of antacids?

A
  1. Relieve symptoms of mild infrequent heartburn [does not prevent]
  2. Provides relief only while in stomach [about 3 hours when administered within 1 hour of meal]
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6
Q

What are expected side effects of antacids?

A
  1. Diarrhea [magnesium]

2. Constipation [Aluminum; sometimes Calcium]

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7
Q

How do you administer H2RAs?

A
  1. Take as needed at onset of symptoms or 30 mins-1 hour before aggravating event
  2. Should be limited to 2 times per day,
  3. If treatment required for more than 2 weeks, medical referral.
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8
Q

What are expected benefits of H2RAs?

A
  1. Treat and prevent symptoms of mild to moderate infrequent heartburn,
  2. Onset takes longer than antacids, but duration is about 4-8 hours.
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9
Q

What are expected side effects of H2RAs?

A 
Generally well-tolerated.
May cause
1. Headache
2. Diarrhea
3. Constipation
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10
Q

How do you administer PPIs?

A
  1. Take 30 minutes before first meal of the day
  2. Must take daily, not prn.
  3. Should not self-treat for more than 14 days without medical consultation.
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11
Q

What are expected benefits of PPI?

A
  1. Treatment and prevention of frequent heartburn

2. Complete relief may take 1-4 days

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12
Q

What are expected side effects of PPI?

A
  1. Generally well-tolerated, similar to H2RA [Headache, diarrhea, constipation]
  2. Lowers natural defenses and may increase risk for community-acquired pneumonia.
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13
Q

What are five (5) exclusions to Cold treatment?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Chest pain
  3. Shortness of breath
  4. Worsening of symptoms during self-treatment
  5. Infants
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14
Q

Describe the treatment algorithm for colds

A

1, Assess patients condition [primary symptom, onset,MAC-P]

  1. Check for exclusions to self treatment
  2. Recommend nondrug measures [hydration and rest]
  3. Recommend drug treatment for primary complaint.
  4. If sleeplessness occurs, consider nighttime antihistamine and nasal decongestant spray.
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15
Q

What is the recommended treatment when the primary complaint is cold-related congestion and rhinorrhea?

A
  1. Saline nasal spray or decongestant

NONPHARM:
1. Humidifier and raising head of bed.

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16
Q

What is the recommended treatment when the primary complain is aches & pains?

A
  1. Systemic analgesic
17
Q

What is the recommended treatment when the primary complaint is cold-related fever?

A
  1. First, REFERAL!

2. Systemic antipyretics.

18
Q

What is the recommended treatment when the primary complaint is cold-related pharyngitis?

A
  1. Saline gargles
  2. Lozenges
  3. Local anesthetic sprays
19
Q

What are five (3) exclusions to allergy treatment?

A
  1. Children
20
Q

Describe the treatment algorithm for allergies

A
  1. Assess patients condition [symptoms, history, onset, allergen]
  2. Recommend controlling exposure to allergen AND select drug based on symptoms.
  3. Assess after 2-4 weeks.
21
Q

What is the treatment if the patient has mild intermittent allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. Oral antihistamine.

2. Add oral or topical decongestant if congestion is present.

22
Q

What is the treatment if the patient has moderate-severe intermittent allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. Intranasal corticosteroid or oral antihistamine.

2. Add oral or topical decongestant if congestion is present. INCS treats congestion.

23
Q

What is the treatment if patient has mild persistent allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. Intranasal corticosteroid or oral antihistamine

2. Add oral or topical decongestant if congestion is present. INCS treats congestion.

24
Q

What is the treatment if patient has moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis?

A

Intranasal corticosteroid [preferred] or oral antihistamine

25
Q

What is the treatment if the patient has conjunctivitis associated with allergies?

A
  1. Intraocular antihistamine
  2. Antihistamine
  3. Flonase [fluticasone]

Pharmacy Practice (8 decks)

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