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PCC: MED TERMS > PBA > Flashcards

PBA Flashcards

1
Q

HEENT

A

-Head
-Eyes
-Ears
-Nose
-Throat

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2
Q

Types of headaches (primary)

A

-tension
-migraine
-cluster

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3
Q

Types of headaches (secondary)

A

-headaches with underlying cause
-stroke, trauma, etc

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4
Q

Tension headache

A

-most common
-episodic or chronic
-stress or anxiety
-pain in a band around head

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5
Q

Tension headache symptoms

A

-gradual onset
-hours to days
-hatband pain
-not pulsing
-sensitive to light
-stiff neck muscle

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6
Q

Tension headache OTC acute treatment

A

-acetaminophen
-NSAIDs
-max 15 days/month

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7
Q

Migraine headache

A

-2nd common
-episodic or chronic
-caused maybe by activation of trigeminal ganglion –> substance P A and CGRP release –> vasodilation and inflammation neural

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8
Q

Migraine symptoms

A

-sudden onset
-4-72 hours
-one side throbbing pain
-nausea and vomiting
-sensitive to light and sound
-migraine aura

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9
Q

Migraine AURA symptoms

A

-before migraine
-5-60 min
-tingling in extremities
-change in vision/blindspots/flashes
-sensory changes

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10
Q

Migraine treatment

A

-lay down in dark room
-ergots, triptans
-B-blockers, anti-epileptics, Botox
-referal required
-max: 10 days/month

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11
Q

Cluster headaches

A

-more severe
-sudden onset
-15min-3hours
-could be in a series

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12
Q

cluster headache cause

A

-hypoxia
-abnormal serotonin/histamine release

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13
Q

cluster headache symptoms

A

-behind ONE eye
-severe pain
-nausea/vomiting
-sensitive to light and sound
-rhinorrhea/congestion and eyelid swelling

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14
Q

Cluster headache treatment

A

-oxygen
-avoid stress
-exercise
-hot/cold packs

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15
Q

Situations When Referral
Is Required HEADACHE

A

-having migraine or cluster
-crazy bp
-trauma
-neck stiff
-fever/signs of infection
-stroke
-confusion
-frequency
-old person
-OTC ineffective

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16
Q

SCHOLAR

A

-symptoms
-characteristics
-history
-onset
-LOCATION
-aggravating factors
-remitting factors

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17
Q

Eye conditions

A

-conjunctivitis
-blepharitis/stye

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18
Q

conjunctiva

A

-mucous membrane that covers eye

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19
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

-inflammation of conjunctiva
-pink eye
-2-3 weeks
-bacterial, viral, allergic

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20
Q

conjunctivitis causes

A

-infection
-allergies
-contacts
-dry eyes

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21
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis causes

A

-S. pneumonia
-S. aureus
-H. influenzae

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22
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis symptoms

A

-red/pink eyes
-YELLOW/GREEN DISCHARGE
-worse in morning
-eye pain
-blurred vision
-one or both eyes

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23
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis treatment

A

-REFERALL REQUIRED
-antibiotic eye drops (Rx only)

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24
Q

Viral conjunctivitis causes

A

adenovirus

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25
Q

viral conjunctivitis symptoms

A

-red/pink eyes
-clear, watery discharge
–otter upper resp tract symptoms
-eye pain
-one or both eyes

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26
Q

Viral conjunctivitis treeatment

A

-can treat OTC
-lubricants/tears
-ocular deongestants
-oral antihistamines

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27
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis causes

A

-common allergens
-not contagious

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28
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis symptoms

A

-pink/red eyes
-clear watery discharge
-eye itching and discomfort
-sneezinng, rhnorrhea
-one or both eyes

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29
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis treatment

A

-can treat OTC
-ocular and oral antihistamines
-ocular vasoconstrictors
-ocular mast cell stabilizers

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30
Q

Dry eye conjunctivitis causes

A

-old
-woman
-allergens
-meds
-weather

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31
Q

dry eye conjunctivitis symptoms

A

-red/pink eye sometimes
-sandy feeling
-one or both eyes

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32
Q

dry eye conjunctivitis treatment

A

-OTC
-tears

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33
Q

Contact/irritant conjunctivitis causes

A

-foreign body in eyes

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34
Q

contact conjunctivitis symptoms

A

-red/pink eyes
-Mucus-like discharge
-one or both eyes

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35
Q

contact conjunctivitis treatment

A

-REFERRAL REQUIRED
-remove objects
-flush eyes with water

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36
Q

Non-pharmacological conjunctivitis treatment

A

-wash hands
-dont share
-cold compress
-no eye rubbing
-avoid allergens if allergic
-avoid triggers/screens if dry eye

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37
Q

Blepharitis

A

-inflammation of the eyelid
-may lead to stye if untreated

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38
Q

Blepharitis causes

A

-bacterial infection
-allergies

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39
Q

blepharitis symptoms

A

-swollen, itchy eyelids
-crusty eyelashes
-blurred vision

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40
Q

blepharitis treatment

A

-OTC
-tears
-WARM compress
-eyelid cleansing

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41
Q

Situations when REFFERRAL REQUIRED for eyes

A

-inability to open eyes
-exposure to chemicals
-bacterial conjunctivitis

-fever
-trauma
-cant see
-redness
-contact weareres
-no improvement

42
Q

Eye drop counseling

A
  1. wash hands
  2. remove contacts
  3. shake/remove cap
  4. tile head back, pull down eyelid
  5. hold dropper over eye
  6. look up and away and place drop in pocket
  7. hold eyelid for sec then close eye and rub for 30 sec
  8. wipe face and wash hands
43
Q

Eye drop counseling tips

A

-wait 5-10 min between drops
-apply gels last
-wait 15 min to put contacts back in

44
Q

Ear illnesses

A

-otitis media
-otitis externa
-otitis media with effusion
-water clogged ear
-cerumen impaction
-ototoxicity

45
Q

Acute otitis EXTERNA

A

-swimmers ear
-inflammation of external ear canal

46
Q
A
47
Q

acute otitis EXTERNA symptoms

A

-ear pain and swelling
-maybe purulent discharge
-tenderness/redness of outer ear

48
Q

acute otitis EXTERNA treatment

A

-REFERRAL REQUIRED
-eardrops (anti-bacterial + steroid)
-OTC analgesic or NSAID as needed

49
Q

Acute otitis MEDIA

A

-inflammation of middle ear

50
Q

acute otitis MEDIA causes

A

-bacteria
-virus

51
Q

Acute otitis MEDIA symptoms

A

-ear pain
-decreased hearing
-fever

52
Q

acute otitis media TREATMENT

A

-REFERRAL REQUIRED
-most resolve on their own
-analgesics or antipyretics
-oral antibiotics if still bad after 48 hours

53
Q

otitis media with EFFUSIOn

A

-fluid collection in middle ear

54
Q

Otitis media with EFFUSION causes

A

-allergic rhinitis
-post-acute otitis media

55
Q

otitis media with EFFUSION

A

-fullness in ear
-maybe decreased hearing
-ear pop when yawn
-NO pain, bulging eardrum, or fever

56
Q

otitis media with EFFUSION treatment

A

-OTC
-most resolve on own
-analgesics
-NO ANTIBIOTICS
-pressure equalization tubes

57
Q

Water Clogged ear causes

A

-swimming
-bathing

58
Q

water clogged ear symptoms

A

-popping
-tinnitus
-reduced hearing

59
Q

water clogged ear treatment

A

-OTC
-ear drying agents (isopropyl alcohol)
-ear plugs in water

60
Q

Cerumen impaction causes

A

-narrow ear canal
-bad cleaning
-cotton swabs

61
Q

cerumen impaction symptoms

A

-hearing impairment
-pain, fullness, ringing in ears

62
Q

cerumen impaction treatment

A

-OTC
-watchful waiting
-cerumenolytic agents (mineral oil, debrox, hydrogen peroxide, saline)

63
Q

Ototoxicity causes

A

-meds (aspirin, diuretics, aminoglycosides, chemo, antimalrials)
-chemicals

64
Q

ototoxcitiy symptoms

A

-hearing loss
-tinnitus
-dizziness

65
Q

ototoxicity treatment

A

-remove any potential cause

66
Q

When to REFER for ear

A

-acute otitis MEDIA and EXTERNA
-infection
-severe pain/swelling
-rupture eardrum
-foreign object
-children under 12
-symptoms more than 4 days
-cog impairment
-trauam
-immunocompromised

67
Q

Ear drop administration

A
  1. wash hands
  2. clean outside of ear with damp cloth
  3. warm ear drops in palm of hand
  4. tilt head down with ear facing up
    -5. adults pull up kids pull down
  5. drop into ear and press tragus
  6. keep ear tilted 3-5 minutes
  7. wipe and wash hands
68
Q

ear drop counseling tips

A

-wait 5-10 min between ears
-keep head tilted 3-5 min
-avoid getting water in ear
-do NOT warm drops in microwave
-ask for help might b easier

69
Q

Nose disorders

A

-allergic rhinitis
-sinusitis

70
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

-inflammation of nasal mucousal membranes due to irritant that activates immune system

71
Q

allergic rhinitis causes

A

-allergens: pollen, pets, dust, weeds, mold

72
Q

Allergic rhinitis symptoms

A

-watery eyes
-clear snot
-nasal drip
-sneezing and coughing
-itchy eyes, ears, nose

73
Q

Allergic rhinitis treatment

A

-OTC
-avoid allergen or saline rinse
-nasal steroid sprays
-oral and nasal antihistamines
-decongestants

-only for 3 days

74
Q

Sinusitis

A

-inflammation of sinuses

75
Q

Bacterial sinusitis

A

-REFERRAL REQUIRED
-gets better than worse after 1 week
-purulent nasal discharge

-actibiotics

76
Q

viral sinusitis

A

-OTC
-most common
-self-limiting
-less than 1 week

-analgesics (NSAIDs/acetaminophen)
-oral/nasal decongestants

77
Q

sinusitis symptoms

A

-headache
-facial pain/pressure
-fever

78
Q

Sinutitis OTC treatment

A

-symptoms less than week
-mild symptoms getting better

79
Q

when to refer sinutitis

A

-severe pain/headache not relieved by OTC drugs
-infection
-changes in vision
-last longer than week

80
Q

Nasal spray administration

A
  1. blow nose
  2. wash hands
  3. remove cap tilt head forward and press opposite side of nose
  4. insert applicator, angling outside of nose and spray
  5. breath in deeply through nose and out mouth
  6. repeat if applicable
  7. wash hands
81
Q

Nasal spray counseling tips

A

-acoid blowing nose after spray
-some sprays need primed before first use
-breathe out thru mouth to prevent loss of medication

82
Q

Throat disorders

A

-pharyngitis
-canker sores
-cold sores
-oral candidiasis
-gingivitis

83
Q

pharyngitis (sore throat) causes

A

-viral
-bacterial

84
Q

pharyngitis symptoms

A

-redness
-sore throat
-bad breath
-fever

85
Q

bacterial pharyngitis symptoms

A

-tonsil swelling
-pus

86
Q

Pharyngitis treatment

A

-saltwater gargle
-hydration
-cough drops
-phenol spray
-analgesics
-antibiotics

87
Q

When to refer for pharyngitis

A

-dysphagia or dypnea
-fever
-bacterial cause
-symptoms longer than week

88
Q

cancker sore cause

A

-low vit B
-stress
-food
-hormones

89
Q

canker sore symptoms

A

-white painful sores
-inner lining of mouth

90
Q

canker sore treatment

A

-OTC
-avoid triggers
-topical benzocaine

91
Q

cold sore causes

A

-herpes type 1 virus

92
Q

cold sore symptoms

A

-red painful sores that rupture and form crusty lesion
-may flare when stressed

93
Q

cold sore treatment

A

-initially OTC
-avoid stressors
-cool packs
-docosanol
-oral antivirals (Rx only)

94
Q

oral candidiasis causes

A

-candida albicans (most common)
-local immunosuppression (chemo)

95
Q

oral candidiasis symptoms

A

-white plaque on tongue, cheek, throat
-cotton mouth
-occasional odynophagia

96
Q

oral candidiasis treatment

A

-REFERRAL REQUIRED
-antifungals Rx only

97
Q

gingivitis causes

A

-mouth bacteria

98
Q

gingivitis symptoms

A

-bad breath
-red swollen gums
-gums bleed easy

99
Q

gingivitis treatment

A

-REFERRAL REQUIRED
-antiseptic rinses Rx only

100
Q

When to refer throat disorder

A

-bacterial pharyngitis
-oral candidiasis
-gingivitis

-immunocomp patients
-lesions covering large area
-not relieved in 1-2 weeks

PCC: MED TERMS (2 decks)

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