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PCC: MED TERMS > PBA > Flashcards

PBA Flashcards

1
Q

HEENT

A

-Head
-Eyes
-Ears
-Nose
-Throat

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2
Q

Types of headaches (primary)

A

-tension
-migraine
-cluster

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3
Q

Types of headaches (secondary)

A

-headaches with underlying cause
-stroke, trauma, etc

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4
Q

Tension headache

A

-most common
-episodic or chronic
-stress or anxiety
-pain in a band around head

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5
Q

Tension headache symptoms

A

-gradual onset
-hours to days
-hatband pain
-not pulsing
-sensitive to light
-stiff neck muscle

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6
Q

Tension headache OTC acute treatment

A

-acetaminophen
-NSAIDs
-max 15 days/month

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7
Q

Migraine headache

A

-2nd common
-episodic or chronic
-caused maybe by activation of trigeminal ganglion –> substance P A and CGRP release –> vasodilation and inflammation neural

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8
Q

Migraine symptoms

A

-sudden onset
-4-72 hours
-one side throbbing pain
-nausea and vomiting
-sensitive to light and sound
-migraine aura

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9
Q

Migraine AURA symptoms

A

-before migraine
-5-60 min
-tingling in extremities
-change in vision/blindspots/flashes
-sensory changes

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10
Q

Migraine treatment

A

-lay down in dark room
-ergots, triptans
-B-blockers, anti-epileptics, Botox
-referal required
-max: 10 days/month

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11
Q

Cluster headaches

A

-more severe
-sudden onset
-15min-3hours
-could be in a series

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12
Q

cluster headache cause

A

-hypoxia
-abnormal serotonin/histamine release

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13
Q

cluster headache symptoms

A

-behind ONE eye
-severe pain
-nausea/vomiting
-sensitive to light and sound
-rhinorrhea/congestion and eyelid swelling

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14
Q

Cluster headache treatment

A

-oxygen
-avoid stress
-exercise
-hot/cold packs

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15
Q

Situations When Referral
Is Required HEADACHE

A

-having migraine or cluster
-crazy bp
-trauma
-neck stiff
-fever/signs of infection
-stroke
-confusion
-frequency
-old person
-OTC ineffective

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16
Q

SCHOLAR

A

-symptoms
-characteristics
-history
-onset
-LOCATION
-aggravating factors
-remitting factors

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17
Q

Eye conditions

A

-conjunctivitis
-blepharitis/stye

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18
Q

conjunctiva

A

-mucous membrane that covers eye

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19
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

-inflammation of conjunctiva
-pink eye
-2-3 weeks
-bacterial, viral, allergic

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20
Q

conjunctivitis causes

A

-infection
-allergies
-contacts
-dry eyes

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21
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis causes

A

-S. pneumonia
-S. aureus
-H. influenzae

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22
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis symptoms

A

-red/pink eyes
-YELLOW/GREEN DISCHARGE
-worse in morning
-eye pain
-blurred vision
-one or both eyes

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23
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis treatment

A

-REFERALL REQUIRED
-antibiotic eye drops (Rx only)

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24
Q

Viral conjunctivitis causes

A

adenovirus

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25
viral conjunctivitis symptoms
-red/pink eyes -clear, watery discharge --otter upper resp tract symptoms -eye pain -one or both eyes
26
Viral conjunctivitis treeatment
-can treat OTC -lubricants/tears -ocular deongestants -oral antihistamines
27
Allergic conjunctivitis causes
-common allergens -not contagious
28
Allergic conjunctivitis symptoms
-pink/red eyes -clear watery discharge -eye itching and discomfort -sneezinng, rhnorrhea -one or both eyes
29
Allergic conjunctivitis treatment
-can treat OTC -ocular and oral antihistamines -ocular vasoconstrictors -ocular mast cell stabilizers
30
Dry eye conjunctivitis causes
-old -woman -allergens -meds -weather
31
dry eye conjunctivitis symptoms
-red/pink eye sometimes -sandy feeling -one or both eyes
32
dry eye conjunctivitis treatment
-OTC -tears
33
Contact/irritant conjunctivitis causes
-foreign body in eyes
34
contact conjunctivitis symptoms
-red/pink eyes -Mucus-like discharge -one or both eyes
35
contact conjunctivitis treatment
-REFERRAL REQUIRED -remove objects -flush eyes with water
36
Non-pharmacological conjunctivitis treatment
-wash hands -dont share -cold compress -no eye rubbing -avoid allergens if allergic -avoid triggers/screens if dry eye
37
Blepharitis
-inflammation of the eyelid -may lead to stye if untreated
38
Blepharitis causes
-bacterial infection -allergies
39
blepharitis symptoms
-swollen, itchy eyelids -crusty eyelashes -blurred vision
40
blepharitis treatment
-OTC -tears -WARM compress -eyelid cleansing
41
Situations when REFFERRAL REQUIRED for eyes
-inability to open eyes -exposure to chemicals -bacterial conjunctivitis -fever -trauma -cant see -redness -contact weareres -no improvement
42
Eye drop counseling
1. wash hands 2. remove contacts 3. shake/remove cap 4. tile head back, pull down eyelid 5. hold dropper over eye 6. look up and away and place drop in pocket 7. hold eyelid for sec then close eye and rub for 30 sec 8. wipe face and wash hands
43
Eye drop counseling tips
-wait 5-10 min between drops -apply gels last -wait 15 min to put contacts back in
44
Ear illnesses
-otitis media -otitis externa -otitis media with effusion -water clogged ear -cerumen impaction -ototoxicity
45
Acute otitis EXTERNA
-swimmers ear -inflammation of external ear canal
46
47
acute otitis EXTERNA symptoms
-ear pain and swelling -maybe purulent discharge -tenderness/redness of outer ear
48
acute otitis EXTERNA treatment
-REFERRAL REQUIRED -eardrops (anti-bacterial + steroid) -OTC analgesic or NSAID as needed
49
Acute otitis MEDIA
-inflammation of middle ear
50
acute otitis MEDIA causes
-bacteria -virus
51
Acute otitis MEDIA symptoms
-ear pain -decreased hearing -fever
52
acute otitis media TREATMENT
-REFERRAL REQUIRED -most resolve on their own -analgesics or antipyretics -oral antibiotics if still bad after 48 hours
53
otitis media with EFFUSIOn
-fluid collection in middle ear
54
Otitis media with EFFUSION causes
-allergic rhinitis -post-acute otitis media
55
otitis media with EFFUSION
-fullness in ear -maybe decreased hearing -ear pop when yawn -NO pain, bulging eardrum, or fever
56
otitis media with EFFUSION treatment
-OTC -most resolve on own -analgesics -NO ANTIBIOTICS -pressure equalization tubes
57
Water Clogged ear causes
-swimming -bathing
58
water clogged ear symptoms
-popping -tinnitus -reduced hearing
59
water clogged ear treatment
-OTC -ear drying agents (isopropyl alcohol) -ear plugs in water
60
Cerumen impaction causes
-narrow ear canal -bad cleaning -cotton swabs
61
cerumen impaction symptoms
-hearing impairment -pain, fullness, ringing in ears
62
cerumen impaction treatment
-OTC -watchful waiting -cerumenolytic agents (mineral oil, debrox, hydrogen peroxide, saline)
63
Ototoxicity causes
-meds (aspirin, diuretics, aminoglycosides, chemo, antimalrials) -chemicals
64
ototoxcitiy symptoms
-hearing loss -tinnitus -dizziness
65
ototoxicity treatment
-remove any potential cause
66
When to REFER for ear
-acute otitis MEDIA and EXTERNA -infection -severe pain/swelling -rupture eardrum -foreign object -children under 12 -symptoms more than 4 days -cog impairment -trauam -immunocompromised
67
Ear drop administration
1. wash hands 2. clean outside of ear with damp cloth 3. warm ear drops in palm of hand 4. tilt head down with ear facing up -5. adults pull up kids pull down 6. drop into ear and press tragus 7. keep ear tilted 3-5 minutes 8. wipe and wash hands
68
ear drop counseling tips
-wait 5-10 min between ears -keep head tilted 3-5 min -avoid getting water in ear -do NOT warm drops in microwave -ask for help might b easier
69
Nose disorders
-allergic rhinitis -sinusitis
70
allergic rhinitis
-inflammation of nasal mucousal membranes due to irritant that activates immune system
71
allergic rhinitis causes
-allergens: pollen, pets, dust, weeds, mold
72
Allergic rhinitis symptoms
-watery eyes -clear snot -nasal drip -sneezing and coughing -itchy eyes, ears, nose
73
Allergic rhinitis treatment
-OTC -avoid allergen or saline rinse -nasal steroid sprays -oral and nasal antihistamines -decongestants -only for 3 days
74
Sinusitis
-inflammation of sinuses
75
Bacterial sinusitis
-REFERRAL REQUIRED -gets better than worse after 1 week -purulent nasal discharge -actibiotics
76
viral sinusitis
-OTC -most common -self-limiting -less than 1 week -analgesics (NSAIDs/acetaminophen) -oral/nasal decongestants
77
sinusitis symptoms
-headache -facial pain/pressure -fever
78
Sinutitis OTC treatment
-symptoms less than week -mild symptoms getting better
79
when to refer sinutitis
-severe pain/headache not relieved by OTC drugs -infection -changes in vision -last longer than week
80
Nasal spray administration
1. blow nose 2. wash hands 3. remove cap tilt head forward and press opposite side of nose 4. insert applicator, angling outside of nose and spray 5. breath in deeply through nose and out mouth 6. repeat if applicable 7. wash hands
81
Nasal spray counseling tips
-acoid blowing nose after spray -some sprays need primed before first use -breathe out thru mouth to prevent loss of medication
82
Throat disorders
-pharyngitis -canker sores -cold sores -oral candidiasis -gingivitis
83
pharyngitis (sore throat) causes
-viral -bacterial
84
pharyngitis symptoms
-redness -sore throat -bad breath -fever
85
bacterial pharyngitis symptoms
-tonsil swelling -pus
86
Pharyngitis treatment
-saltwater gargle -hydration -cough drops -phenol spray -analgesics -antibiotics
87
When to refer for pharyngitis
-dysphagia or dypnea -fever -bacterial cause -symptoms longer than week
88
cancker sore cause
-low vit B -stress -food -hormones
89
canker sore symptoms
-white painful sores -inner lining of mouth
90
canker sore treatment
-OTC -avoid triggers -topical benzocaine
91
cold sore causes
-herpes type 1 virus
92
cold sore symptoms
-red painful sores that rupture and form crusty lesion -may flare when stressed
93
cold sore treatment
-initially OTC -avoid stressors -cool packs -docosanol -oral antivirals (Rx only)
94
oral candidiasis causes
-candida albicans (most common) -local immunosuppression (chemo)
95
oral candidiasis symptoms
-white plaque on tongue, cheek, throat -cotton mouth -occasional odynophagia
96
oral candidiasis treatment
-REFERRAL REQUIRED -antifungals Rx only
97
gingivitis causes
-mouth bacteria
98
gingivitis symptoms
-bad breath -red swollen gums -gums bleed easy
99
gingivitis treatment
-REFERRAL REQUIRED -antiseptic rinses Rx only
100
When to refer throat disorder
-bacterial pharyngitis -oral candidiasis -gingivitis -immunocomp patients -lesions covering large area -not relieved in 1-2 weeks

PCC: MED TERMS (2 decks)

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