Pavlov-experiment With Salivation In Dogs

Question 1

What is the background of pavlovs experiment?

Answer 1

• Developed classical conditioning after studying secretion in dogs
• he knew that when he put food in the dogs mouth it would salivate, when he worked with the same dog repeatedly the dog salivated to stimuli associated with food
• Pavlov realised there are some things dogs don’t need to learn, for example salivating when food is seen is a reflex and is an UCR
  -UCS(food) ——>UCR (salivation)

Question 2

What was the aim of the study?

Answer 2

• Pavlov studied the reflex of salivating to see it a dog could be conditioned to salivate to a completely unrelated stimulus
• studied now the cerebral cortex works in making associations

Question 3

What was the procedure of Pavlov?

Answer 3

-dog restrained in a harness isolated from all distractions
-Experimenter observed for a one-way mirror and presented the dog with food and other conditioning stimuli
-Achieve the saliva from the dogs mouth to a container where it was measured
-Windows of the room covered with extra sheets of glass and double steel doors
-Vibration, noise, temperature eliminated, nothing could influence the animals except the stimuli
-isolated dogs in small room
-Use a variety of neutral stimuli (a metronome, bell, buzzer) As it does not produce a specific behaviour response in dogs
-Paired the neutral stimulus with the food to this new stimulus to produce the same response, salvation

Question 4

What were the results of Pavlov ?

Answer 4

-before placing food in the dogs mouth Pavlov sounded a metronome
-After pairings of the metronome and food, the dog began to salivate to metronome alone in anticipation of the food
-After the tone and the food paired many times (20+), the tone would elicit salvation
-In the metronome study, salvation started after nine seconds and by 45 seconds 11 drops had been collected
-The dog would only salivate when the ns/cs was presented before the ucs, the dog had to be alert and it had to be no other stimuli to distract
-Paired a further neutral stimulus with the conditioned stimulus (e.g. shape or colour with the sound of a metronome, found that higher conditioning was possible)
-dogs showed stimulus generalisation to sounds of a similar tone, the more similarity there was between a new neutral stimulus and the conditioned stimulus the greater the amount of drooling from the dog

Question 5

What was the conclusion of Pavlov?

Answer 5

-Capital of concluded that it is signalisation that links the metronome to food and gives the reflex response of salivation
-conditioning is sensitive to many extraneous variables