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Pysch > Pavlov > Flashcards

Pavlov Flashcards

0
Q

Associated learning

A

Learning that certain events occur together. May be a stimuli or a response and it’s consequences

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1
Q

Learning

A

Process of developing new and relatively enduring information or behaviors. Able to adapt.

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2
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Associate two stimuli and thus anticipate events, between stimuli, respondent behavior, events that we don’t control

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3
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Associate a response(our behavior) and it’s consequence

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4
Q

Cognitive learning

A

Acquire mental info that guides our behavior,

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5
Q

Ian Pavlov

A

Laid foundation for Watson, behaviorism,

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6
Q

NS

A

Neutral Stimulus, something that didn’t evoke a response,

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7
Q

UR

A

Unconditioned response, unlearned, naturally occurring response to the US

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8
Q

US

A

Unconditioned stimulus, naturally triggers a response

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9
Q

CR

A

Conditioned response, a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

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10
Q

CS

A

Conditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

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11
Q

Acquisition

A

Initial stage,

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12
Q

Higher-order conditioning

A

Cs is paired with a new NScreating a second, weaker, CS

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13
Q

Extinction

A

The diminished response that occurs when the CS no longer signals an impending US

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14
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

The reappearance of a weakened CR after a pause

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15
Q

Generalization

A

The tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

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16
Q

Discrimination

A

The learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

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17
Q

Pavlov’s legacy

A

Many other responses to many other stimuli can be conditionally conditioned in many other organisms and learning should be studied objectively

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18
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Own actions with consequences, our behavior and resulting events,

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19
Q

Operant behavior

A

behavior that operates on the Environment to produce rewarding or punishing stimuli

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20
Q

Law of effect

A

Rewarded behavior is more likely to occur

21
Q

Operant chamber

A

Skinner box, a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer,

22
Q

Reinforcement

A

Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

23
Q

Shaping

A

Reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

24
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Increasing behaviors by presenting a positive reinforcers, when presented after a response

25
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Strengthens a response by reducing or removing something negative, removes a punishing event, when removed,

26
Q

Primary reinforcer

A

Satisfies a biological need, unlearned

27
Q

Conditioned reinforcers

A

Secondary, learned association with primary reinforcer,

28
Q

Reinforcement schedules

A

Pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced

29
Q

Continuous reinforcement

A

Learning occurs rapidly, reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs,

30
Q

Partial (intermittent) reinforcement

A

Reinforcing a response only part of the time,

31
Q

Fixed-ratio schedule

A

Reinforce behavior after a set number of responses

32
Q

Variable-ratio schedules

A

Reinforcers after a seeming unpredictable number of responses

33
Q

Fixed-interval schedule

A

Reinforce the first response after a fixed time period

34
Q

Variable-interval schedule

A

Reinforce the first response after varying time intervals

35
Q

Punishment

A

Decrease the behavior it follows

36
Q

Positive punishment

A

Administer an aversive stimulus, spray water on a barking dog, give a speeding ticket

37
Q

Negative punishment

A

Withdraw a rewarding punishment, take away teens driving privileges,

38
Q

Computer-assisted learning

A

Computers helped realize skinners goal of individuality paced with instruction to immediate feedback

39
Q

Respondent behavior

A

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus, responding automaticLly

40
Q

Operant behaviors

A

Behavior that operates on the environment, produces consequences

41
Q

Cognitive map

A

Mental representation of the layout of ones Environment

42
Q

Latent learning

A

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

43
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

44
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

A desire to preform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishments.

45
Q

observational learning

A

w/o direct experience, learning by observing

46
Q

modeling

A

observing and imitating a behavior

47
Q

mirror neurons

A

frontal lobe neurons, scientists believe that they fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so, the brain’s mirroring of another’s action may enable imitation and empathy.

48
Q

theory of mind

A

he ability to attribute mental states—beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc.—to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one’s own

49
Q

prosocial

A

positive, constructive, helpful behavior

Pysch (2 decks)

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