Memory Flashcards
Recall
Retrieving information that is not currently in your conscious awareness but that was learned at a earlier time. Fill in the blank
Memory
Learning that has persisted over time that has been stored and can be retrieved
Recognition
Identifying items previously learned. Multiple choice
Relearning
Learning something more quickly when you learn it another time.
Information-processing models
Analogies that compare human memory to a computers operations
Encoding
Getting info into our brain
Storage
Retaining that info
Retrieval
Later getting that info back out
Connectionism
Views memories as products of interconnected neural networks
Sensory memory
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Short-term memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly
Long-term memory
Relatively permanent and limitless storage house of the memory system
Working memory
Active processing, focuses on conscious,
Explicit memories
Facts and experiences that we can consciously know and declare
Effortful processing
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Automatic processing
Uncon encoding of incidental info
Implicit memories
Retention independent of conscious recollection
Iconic memory
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
Echoic memory
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
Chunking
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units
Mnemonics
Memory aid
Hierarchies
Few broad concepts divided and subdivided into narrower concepts and facts
Spacing effect
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Testing effect
Enhanced memory after retrieving, repeated self testing
Shallow processing
Encoding on a basic level
Deep processing
Meaning of words
Anterograde amnesia
An inability to form new memories
Retrograde amnesia
Inability to retrieve information from ones past
Hippocampus
A neural center located in the limbic system. Helps process explicit memories for storage
Flashbulb memories
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Long-term potentiation
An increase in a cells firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Priming
The activation of particular a associations in memory
Mood congruent
The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current good of bad mood
Serial position effect
Tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.
