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DA42 CMEL Add-on > PAVE Checklist b4 you fly > Flashcards

PAVE Checklist b4 you fly Flashcards

1
Q

3-P Risk Management Process

A

PERCEIVE hazards
PROCESS to evaluate level of risk
PERFORM risk management

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2
Q

PERCEIVE: The goal is to identify hazards, which are events, objects, or circumstances that could contribute to an undesired event. You need to consider hazards associated with: PAVE

A

Pilot
Aircraft
enVironment
External Pressures.

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3
Q

PROCESS: Ask questions to determine what can hurt you. In short, why do you have to CARE about these hazards?

A

What are the Consequences?
What are the Alternatives available to me?
What is the Reality of the situation facing me?
What kind of External pressures may affect my thinking?

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4
Q

PERFORM: Change the situation in your favor. Your objective is to make sure the hazard does not hurt the TEAM

A

Transfer - Should the risk decision be transferred to someone else
Eliminate - Is there a way to eliminate the hazard?
Accept - Do the benefits of accepting the risk outweigh the costs?
Mitigate - What can you do to mitigate the risk?

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5
Q

PAVE Checklist before flight

A

Pilot
Aircraft
enViornment
External pressures

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6
Q

Pilots self analyze themselves & can mitigate risk using the IMSAFE checklist.

A

Illness
Medication
Stress
Alcohol
Fatigue
Emotion

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7
Q

Illness checklist

A

– Sinus, middle ear, cold, sore throat
- Disqualifying conditions who can I ask? AME
- What are the consequences and why? Prescription Medication or over-the-counter medications
- Approved by FAA AME, FAA does not have an approved list, AOPA does but
will the approved drug interact with another?
- check with your AME

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8
Q

Stress checklist

A
  • Stressed at work on in personal life
  • Financial stress
  • External Pressures (Time limits, promises etc.)
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9
Q

Alcohol checklist

A
  • No alcohol in the least 8 hours
  • Below 0.04% limit
  • No hangover, no impairment, no drugs
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10
Q

Fatigue checklist

A
  • Are you rested?
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11
Q

Emotion checklist

A

Am I emotionally upset?

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12
Q

Scuba Diving limitations

A

Have you been scuba diving? What can happen and Why?
- For non-controlled ascent wait 12 hours to 8000 feet
- For controlled ascent or flights above 8000 ft wait at least 24 hours

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13
Q

What is Decompression sickness and associated symptoms

A

Decompression sickness – Inert gasses (mainly nitrogen) are released rapidly from solution in the body tissues and fluids as a result of low barometric pressure. The gasses form bubbles that may harm the body in several ways. The most common
result of decompression sickness is joint pain (“the bends”).

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14
Q

Currency items to review before flying (1 of 2)

A

Check my logbook
Have I had the required flight review? (Wings, new rating,)
Do I have all my endorsements and training? Complex, High-performance,
tailwheel, pressurized aircraft,
Do I have the rating required to fly this aircraft? Multiengine, seaplane, glider etc.

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15
Q

Currency items to review before flying (2 of 2)

A

Did I do 3 takeoff/landings in the last 90 days to carry passengers?
Are we flying at night?
- Did I do 3 full stop takeoff/landings at night in the last 90 days?
Are we flying a tail dragger?
- Did I do 3 full stop takeoff/landings with tail dragger in the last 90 days?
Check my Wings Program

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16
Q

Documents required to fly (PMA)

A

Pilot’s certificate
Medical certificate
Authorized photo I.D.

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17
Q

My Privileges and limitations

A

What can I fly?
What can’t I fly?
What do I need to do?
Can I receive money

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18
Q

Analyze the aircraft / airworthiness using

A

ARROW
AVIATES
A TOMOATO FFLAMES
FLAPS
GRAB CARD

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19
Q

SPARROW

A

Supplements
Placards
Airworthiness Certificate
Registration
Radio stations license (international)
Operation Limitations- AFM/POH, Placards, Instrument markings
Weight and Balance data current

20
Q

AVIATES

A

Air worthiness Directives (ADs)
VOR check (30 days) (IFR)
Inspections
-100-hour (Aircraft operated for hire or airplane provided by flight
instructor or school)
-Annual (12 calendar month) out of date annual? Special flight permit?
Altimeter and Static (24 calendar month) IFR
Transponder (24 calendar month)
ELT (12 calendar month test and replace battery when half the battery life used or 1hour of use or 50% charge remaining)
Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) required inspections.

21
Q

Min equipment for VFR by day:
A TOMATO FFLAMES

A

Anti-Collision Lights (1996) (91.209)
Tachometer
Oil Pressure
Manifold Pressure
Altimeter
Temperature Gauge
Oil Temperature
Fuel Gauge
Flotation (hire) beyond glide distance. and pyro signal device
Landing Gear Indicator
Airspeed Indicator
Magnetic Direction Indicator
ELT
Seatbelts / Shoulder harnesses

22
Q

Min equipment for VFR by night:

A

All of VFR by day and…
F - Fuses (spare set).
L - Landing light (if for hire) .
A - Anticollision lights.
P - Position lights (navigation lights).
S - Source of electrical power (i.e., battery).

23
Q

Min equipment for IFR by day:

A

all VFR day equipment + GRABCARD
G - Generator / alternator.
R - Radios. Two-way radio communication & navigational equipment
suitable for the route to be flown.
A - Altimeter (sensitive, adjustable for barometric pressure)
B - Ball (slip-skid indicator).
C - Clock. Shows hours, minutes and seconds with sweep-second
pointer or digital representation. Installed as part of aircraft
equipment.
A - Attitude indicator.
R - Rate-of-turn indicator.
D - Directional gyro (heading indicator).

24
Q

Min equipment for IFR by night:

A

For IFR night: all VFR day + VFR night + GRABCARD
G - Generator / alternator.
R - Radios. Two-way radio communication & navigational equipment
suitable for the route to be flown.
A - Altimeter (sensitive, adjustable for barometric pressure)
B - Ball (slip-skid indicator).
C - Clock. Shows hours, minutes and seconds with sweep-second
pointer or digital representation. Installed as part of aircraft
equipment.
A - Attitude indicator.
R - Rate-of-turn indicator.
D - Directional gyro (heading indicator).

25
Q

enVironment factors to consider when planning

A

WX
Terrain
Airports
Airspace
Nighttime ops

26
Q

WX factors

A

DA - effects aircraft performance
Effects of temp on pressure and altimeter. Calculated for all planned airports.

27
Q

When do I need oxygen?

A

Recommended: for Vision
- Night flight above 5,000’?
- Daytime over 10,000’?
Required:
- Above 12,500’ for more than 30 min
- Above 14,000’ all the time for pilot and crew
- Above 15,000’ for everyone

28
Q

Types of hypoxia

A

Hypoxic
Histotoxic
Hypemic
Stagnant

29
Q

Hypoxic hypoxia

A

Hypoxic hypoxia – Insufficient supply of O2 to the body as a whole. As altitude increases, O2 percentage of the atmosphere is constant, but its pressure decreases. The reduced pressure becomes insufficient for the O2 molecules to pass through the
respiratory system’s membranes.

30
Q

Hypemic hypoxia

A

Hypemic hypoxia – Inability of the blood to carry the O2 molecules. It may be a result of insufficient blood (bleeding or blood
donation), anemia or CO poisoning.

31
Q

Histotoxic hypoxia

A

Histotoxic hypoxia – Inability of the body cells to affectively use the O2 supplied by the blood. This can be caused by use of
alcohol or drugs.

32
Q

Stagnant hypoxia

A

Stagnant hypoxia - Caused by the blood not flowing efficiently. Can be caused by heart problems, excessive acceleration
(Gs), shock or a constricted blood vessel. Cold temperatures can restrict circulation and decrease blood supplied to the
extremities.

33
Q

Aircraft heater concerns

A

Carbon Monoxide poisoning and recognize the symptoms
- Light headed
- Loss of muscle power
- Headache
- Drowsiness
- Tingling in fingers and toes
- Blue fingernails and lips

34
Q

Visual Illusions

A

False Horizon - An illusion in which the pilot may misidentify the horizon line. May be caused by sloping cloud formation, an obscured horizon, an aurora borealis, dark night with scattered lights and stars or the geometry of the ground

Autokinesis - Staring at a stationary point of light in a dark or featureless scene for a prolonged period of time may cause the light to appear to be moving. A pilot may attempt to align the aircraft with the perceived moving light, resulting in loss of
control.

35
Q

Optical Illusions

A

-Runway Width Illusion - During approach to land, a narrow runway may give the pilot the illusion that the airplane is too high, whereas a wide runway may make it seem too low.
-Runway and Terrain Slope Illusion - An up-sloping terrain or runway can give the illusion that the plane is higher than it
actually is.
-Featureless Terrain Illusion - Also known as “black hole approach.” Flying over dark or featureless terrain (for example,
during an over-water approach) can give the illusion that the aircraft is at a higher altitude, causing the pilot to fly lower than desired.
-Water Refraction - Light refraction due to rain on the windshield may cause the horizon to seem lower and, as a result, the aircraft to appear higher. This illusion may lead the pilot to fly lower than desired.
-Haze - During an approach, haze may give the illusion that the runway is further or that the airplane is higher than it is.
-Fog - Flying into fog may create an illusion of a nose-up motion.
-Ground Lighting Illusion -
◦ Lights along straight paths (e.g., road or train lights) can be mistaken for runway or approach lights.
◦ Bright runway and approach lights can make the runway appear closer than it is, especially when the surrounding terrain is dark. This illusion may lead the pilot to fly a higher approach than desired.

36
Q

Types of AIRMETs

A

▷ An advisory of significant weather phenomena at lower intensities than those which require the issuance of SIGMETs. These conditions may
affect all aircraft but are potentially hazardous to aircraft with limited capability.
▷ Valid for 6 hours.
▷ AIRMET (S) - describes IFR conditions and/or extensive mountain obscurations.
▷ AIRMET (T) - describes moderate turbulence, sustained surface winds of 30 knots or greater, and/or non-convective low-level wind shear.
▷ AIRMET (Z) - describes moderate icing and provides freezing level heights.

37
Q

SIGMETs

A

▷ A non-scheduled inflight advisory with a maximum forecast period of 4 hours. Advises of non-convective weather potentially hazardous to all
types of aircraft. A SIGMET is issued when the following is expected to occur:
▷ Severe icing not associated with
thunderstorms
▷ Severe or extreme turbulence or Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) not associated with
thunderstorms.
▷ Dust storms, sandstorms lowering surface visibility below 3 miles.

38
Q

Convective SIGMET

A

-An inflight advisory of convective weather significant to the safety of all aircraft.
-Issued hourly at 55 minutes past the hour for the western (W), eastern (E) and central (C) USA.
□ Not issued for Alaska or Hawaii.
▷ Valid for 2 hours.
▷ Contains either an observation and a forecast or only a forecast.
Convective (thunderstorm-related weather)
* Severe Icing
* Severe Turbulence
* winds at the surface > 50 kts
* Thunderstorm-related weather.
* tornadoes.
* Hail

39
Q

Spin recovery actions

A

PREA
Power to idle
Rudder full opposite of rotation
Elevator forward to break stall
Ailerons neutral for even AoA

Spin stops, rudder neutral, easy pull straight and level

40
Q

For IFR flights or flights not in the vicinity of an airport…NW KRAFT

A

NOTAMS
WX
Known ATC delays
Runway length of intended use
Alternatives available
Fuel requirements
TOLD data

41
Q

Hazardous attitudes & how to counter them (IM AIR)

A

I-Impulsivity, do it quickly
Slow down & think

M-Macho, I can do it.
Taking chances is foolish

A-Anti-authority, don’t tell me what to do
Follow the rules and regs

I-Invulnerability, It won’t happen to me
It can happen to me

R-Resignation, what’s the use
I’m not helpless. I can make a difference

42
Q

What items help Vmc control and decrease Vmc

A

Flaps down
Gear down
MGTOW
0 side-slip
FWD CG

43
Q

Define ADM

A

The systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to determine the best course of action for a given set of circumstances

44
Q

Define hazard

A

A condition, event, or object that could lead to degradation or injury, etc.
Example a Nick in a propeller

45
Q

Define risk

A

The probability and possibility of accidents or loss from exposure to the hazard
Example, flying with a Nick in the propeller

46
Q

Broken equipment, flow chart

A

Does the aircraft have an MEL,
-no, it does not

-No MEL…
-defer MX
-required by 91.205,
-required by the KOEL,
-required by FARs/AD ie..ADS-B
-required by TCDS?
If not, you can remove it, and adjust weight in balance, or make INOP & placard. LOG IT!
Do I feel safe to fly with an operative equipment?

47
Q

Favorite affecting performance and control

A

Standard day
Max power
Aft CG
Critical engine windmilling
Flaps up, gear up
Up to 5 degrees angle of bank
MGWTO
OGE

DA42 CMEL Add-on (4 decks)

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