Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Med II - Exam 4 > Paulson - Potassium > Flashcards

Paulson - Potassium Flashcards

1
Q

hyperkalemia definition

A

K+ > 5.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hyperkalemia refers to high __ K+

A

serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what organ regulates K+ levels

A

kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nl K+

A

3.5-5.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 causes of hyperkalemia

A

increased intake

decreased excretion

shift from intracellular to extracellular

pseudohyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

increased intake of K+ (2)

A

supplements

IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mc cause of pseudohyperkalemia

A

mechanical trauma → venipuncture → hemolysis and K+ leakage from cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do you think when you see pseudohyperkalemia

A

hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

causes of decreased excretion of K+ (3)

A

arf/ckd

hypovolemia/volume depletion

hypoaldosteronism (adrenal insufficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 causes of hypovolemia

A

dehydration

chf

cirrhosis

low flow to kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what causes intracellular to extracellular shifts (3)

A

any breakdown of cells

acidosis

insulin deficiency of resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

causes of cell breakdown (4)

A

trauma

rhabdo

tumor lysis syndrome

pseudohyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how does insulin affect K+

A

K+ follows insulin into cells → deficiency causes accumulation in serum → hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

meds that cause hyperkalemia

A

ACEIs

ARBs

NSAIDs

spironolactone

beta blockers

digitalis

succinylcholine

bactrim

K+ supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does hyperkalemia affect the heart

A

membrane excitability → depressed fxn → cardiotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mc presentation of hyperkalemia

A

asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

possible sx of hyperkalemia

A

n/v

palpitations

lethargy

confusion

paresthesias

muscle weakness

paralysis

arrhythmias

death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

labs for hyperkalemia dx

A

check and recheck K+

BMP

EKG

+/- ABG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

classic/mc EKG finding for hyperkalemia

A

peaked T waves

20
Q

what level are peaked T waves seen in hyperkalemia

A

5.5-6.5 → early finding

21
Q

other EKG findings of hyperkalemia (early → late) (3)

A

flattened p wave w. prolonged PR interval or absent P wave

wide QRS

sine wave pattern

22
Q

latest ekg finding of hyperkalemia

A

sine wave pattern

23
Q

what level is sine wave pattern seen in hyperkalemia

A

K+ > 8.0

24
Q

emergent signs of hyperkalemia

A

clinical sx → esp muscle weakness or paralysis, arrhythmias

K+ > 6.5

K+ > 5.5 PLUS significant renal impairment PLUS ongoing tissue breakdown OR ongoing K+ absorption OR acidosis

25
Q

tx for hyperkalemia (5)

A

IV calcium glconate

continous cardiac monitoring

drive K+ back into cell

remove K+ from the body

stop K+ supplements/drugs

26
Q

when is calcium gloconate used for hyperkalemia

A

severe (>6.5)

PLUS

EKG changes

27
Q

options to drive K+ back into cell

A

insulin PLUS glucose

SABA → albuterol

IV sodium bicarb

28
Q

how do you remove K+ from the body (3)

A

GI cation exchanger

diuretics → Lasix + saline

hemodialysis

29
Q

how do GI cation exchangers work

A

bind K+ in GI tract in exchange for other cations → excreted in feces

30
Q

examples of GI cation exchangers

A

sodium polystyerene solfonate (Kayexalate)

patiromer (Veltassa)

31
Q

when is hd indicated for hyperkalemia

A

severe renal impairment

32
Q

hypokalemia definition

A

K+ < 3.5

33
Q

causes of hypokalemia (6)

A

increased loss

movement of K+ from blood → intracellular

hypomagnesemia

renal tubular acidosis

meds

very low kcal diets

34
Q

K+ losses often concurrent w. __ losses

A

Mg → diuretics vomiting

35
Q

what meds cause hypokalemia

A

diuretics (minus K+ sparing - spironolactone)

amphotericin B

antipsychotics

barium/chloroqine intoxication

36
Q

what common antipsychotics cause hypokalemia

A

risperdal

seroquel

37
Q

sx of hypokalemia

A

muscle fatigue/weakness

cramps, rhabdo, myoglobinuria

resp muscle weakness/failure

ileus, constipation, n/v

38
Q

where does K+ muscle fatigue/weakness start

A

LE → ascending

39
Q

dx for hypokalemia

A

bmp

Mg → separate test

EKG

40
Q

ekg findings for hypokalemia

A

flattened/inverted T wave

U wave in V4-V6

ST depression

prolonged qt → qu interval

arrhythmia

41
Q

ex ekg of K+ 1.7

A
42
Q

emergent indications for hypokalemia

A

cardiac manifestations

K+ < 2.5

43
Q

tx for emergent hypokalemia

A

IV K+

44
Q

s.e of IV K+ (2)

A

pain

phlebitis

45
Q

tx for non emergent hypoklaemia

A

oral KCl

46
Q

tx for hypokalemia + hypomagnesemia

A

replete both

Clin Med II - Exam 4 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions