Lytes Simplified Flashcards by Alice Richards | Brainscape

Q

anorexia

n/v

AMS

twitching/ataxia/tremor

lethargy → stupor/coma

A

hypernatremia

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Q

dx for hypernatremia

A

bmp → > 145
urine and plasma osmolality

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Q

fluid tx for chronic hypernatremia

A

D5½NS 1.35 ml/kg/hr

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Q

amount to lower Na for chronic hypernatremia

A

no more than 10 mEq/L x 24 hr

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Q

fluid tx for acute hypernatremia

A

D5½NS 3-6 mL/kg/hr

OR

½ NS

maintain until Na < 145
then switch to D5½NS 1 mL/kg/hr until Na < 140

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Q

anorexia

n/v

lethargy

disorientation

sz

ha

orthostatic hypotn

delirium

A

sx of hyponatremia

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Q

dx for hyponatremia

A

bmp + serum osmolality

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Q

emergency tx for hyponatremia → any pt w. sx

A

hypertonic saline

→ raise Na 4-6 mEq over a couple hr

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Q

tx for hypovolemic hyponatremia

A

isotonic saline

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Q

tx for hypervolemic hyponatremia: CHF, cirrhosis

A

diuresis

fluid restriction

Na restriction

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Q

tx for hypervolemic hyponatremia: renal failure

A

fluid restriction

dialysis

Na restriction

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Q

tx for euvolemic hyponatremia

A

fluid restriction

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Q

tx for SIADH (euvolemic hyponatremia)

A

salt tabs

+/- loop diuretic

demecocycline

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Q

n/v

palpitations

lethargy

confusion

paresthesias

A

hyperkalemia

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Q

dx for hyperkalemia

A

check/recheck K+

BMP

EKG

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Q

hyperkalemia ekg

A

peaked T waves

prolonged PR

wide QRS

sine wave

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Q

tx for hyperkalemia

A

insulin + glucose

IV calcium gluconate

Lasix + saline

Kayexalate/Veltassa

SABA

IV sodium bicarb

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Q

muscle fatigue/weakness

cramps/rhabdo

resp muscle weakness

ileus/constipation

A

hypokalemia

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Q

dx for hypokalemia

A

bmp

Mg → separate test

ekg

Q

ekg: hypokalemia

A

flattened/inverted T waves

U wave in V4-V6

Q

tx for emergent hypokalemia

A

IV K+

Q

tx for non emergent hypokalemia

A

oral KCl

Q

neuromuscular toxicity

nausea

flushing

lethargy

drowsy

hypocalcemia

absent DTRs

bradycardia

muscle paralysis

A

hypermagnesemia

Q

neuromuscular toxicity

nausea

flushing

lethargy

drowsy

hypocalcemia

absent DTRs

bradycardia

muscle paralysis

A

hypermagnesemia

Q

dx for hypermagnesemia

A

serum Mg → separate lab

bmp

ekg

24 hr urine OR random urine (fraction excretion)

Q

ekg: hypermagnesemia

A

widened qrs

prolonged pq

Q

tx for hypermagnesemia

A

stop offending agent

+/- diuretics

IV calcium gluconate

Q

tetany → trousseau/chovstek

tetany

arrhythmias

sz

A

hypomagnesemia

Q

ekg: hypomagnesemia

A

wide QRS

peaked T waves

Q

tx for severe hypomagnesemia

A

IV Mg sulfate → renal dosing!

Q

stones

bones

moans

thrones

abd groans

psychiatric overtones

A

hypercalcemia

Q

dx for hyperclacemia

A

check Ca
recheck Ca
if low → confirmed
check PTH
if low → check via D and PTHrP

Q

ekg: hypercalcemia

A

shortened QT

Q

tx for hypercalcemic crisis

A

NS wide open

cardiac monitoring

bisphosphonates/calcitonin/glucocorticoids

Q

Chvostek

trudeau

muscle cramps/spasms

tetany

paresthesias

A

hypocalcemia

Q

ekg: hypocalcemia

A

prolonged at

Q

dx for hypocalcemia

A

total serum

serum phos

vit D

PTH

bmp

Mg → hypomagnesemia

Q

tx for severe hypocalcemia

A

replete Mg first

IV calcium gluconate

Q

tetany

muscle cramps

perioral numbness/tingling

sz

uremia

pruritis

sob

sleep disturbance

painful joint masses

A

hyperphosphatemia

Q

dx for hyperphosphatemia

A

serum phos → separate lab

pth

serum Ca

vit D

+/- renal bx

Q

tx for acute hyperphosphatemia w. normal renal fxn

A

saline

PLUS

PLUS loop diuretics

Q

tx for hyperphosphatemia: hypoparathyroidism

A

Ca

Vit D

Q

tx for hyperphosphatemia rt aki

A

phosphate binders

Q

metabolic encephalopathy

proximal myopathy

rhabdo

dysphagia

hemolysis

A

hypophosphatemia

Q

dx for hypophosphatemia

A

serum phos

urinary phos: 24 hr vs random → FEPO4

Q

tx for hypophosphatemia

A

IV phos

dipyridamole did → if urinary phos wasting