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Clinical Decision Making Exam 2 > Paulson - Lab Review > Flashcards

Paulson - Lab Review Flashcards

1
Q

6 meds that can cause hyperkalemia

A

K+ supplement

ACEI

ARB

bactrim

spironolactone

amiloride (diuretic)

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2
Q

6 medical conditions that can cause hyperkalemia

A

CKD/AKI

hemolysis/bleeding

tumor lysis syndrome

metabolic acidosis

insulin deficiency

rhabdo (tissue breakdown)

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3
Q

lab issue that can cause hyperkalemia

A

hemolyzed specimen

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4
Q

2 medical conditions that can cause BUN:Cr > 30:1

A

GI bleed

prerenal AKI

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5
Q

t/f: the higher the BUN:Cr ratio, the more likely an upper GI bleed

A

T!

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6
Q

why does an upper GIB cause BUN:Cr ratio > 30:1

A

blood is absorbed as it passes thru small bowel → decreased renal perfusion

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7
Q

4 causes of prerenal AKI

A

dehydration

decreased circulating volume

shock/hypotn

hemorrhage

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8
Q

3 causes of decreased circulating volume

A

cirrhosis

CHF

nephrotic syndrome

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9
Q

measure of the average size of the RBC

A

MCV

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10
Q

ddx for elevated MCV (5)

A

macrocytic anemia → B12/folate deficiency

etoh

liver dz

myelodysplastic syndrome

hypothyroidism

meds

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11
Q

6 common meds that cause elevated MCV

A

allopurinol

immunosuppressants

bactrim

H2 blockers

PPIs

metformin

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12
Q

mc cause of low MCV

A

IDA

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13
Q

besides IDA, 5 other causes of low MCV

A

thalassemia

lead poisoning

copper deficiency

zinc poisoning

GI bleed

colon ca

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14
Q

2 main categories of increased total bilirubin

A

liver dz

hemolytic anemia

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15
Q

6 lab tests that indicate hemolysis

A

haptoglobin

LDH

peripheral blood smear

reticulocytes

unconjugated bilirubin

urinalysis

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16
Q

lab value that is decreased in hemolysis

A

haptoglobin → binds free hgb

17
Q

3 labs that are elevated/increased in hemolysis

A

LDH → released from lysed cells

reticulocytes → marrow response

unconjugated bilirubin → increased hgb breakdown

18
Q

peripheral blood smear finding of hemolysis

A

abnorma rbc

19
Q

urinalysis finding of hemolysis

A

free hgb and its metabolites

20
Q

7 signs of hemolysis related to liver dz

A

shock

early sepsis

hemodynamic instability

f/c

RUQ pain

hx prior biliary surgery

severe acute liver injury

21
Q

3 causes of elevated platelet count

A

reactive thrombocytosis

blood malignancies

familial thrombocytosis

22
Q

4 causes of reactive thrombocytosis

A

infxn

blood loss/anemia

non-infectious inflammation

post-splenectomy

23
Q

4 blood malignancies that cause reactive thrombocytosis

A

p. vera

CML

MDS

AML

24
Q

4 causes of hypomagnesemia

A

GI losses

meds

etoh

post transplant

25
Q

3 meds that cause hypomagnesemia

A

chronic PPI

loop diuretics

thiazide diuretics

26
Q

8 causes of elevated WBC

A

infxn

inflammation

neoplasms

meds

cigs

stress/exercise

obesity

27
Q

3 neoplasms that can cause elevated WBC

A

leukemia

p. vera

essential thrombocythemia

28
Q

3 meds that can cause elevated WBC

A

glucocorticoids

catecholamines → epi

lithium

29
Q

ALT predominant

A

drug-induced liver injury

30
Q

AST predominant

A

etoh-associated hepatitis

31
Q

ALP predominant

A

biliary obstruction or stone

32
Q

besides ALP, what other lab is elevated if liver/gallbladder obstruction

A

bilirubin

33
Q

would you see bilirubin elevation in fracture, osteomyelitis, or bone lesion

A

no

34
Q

6 causes of hypokalemia

A

diarrhea/sweat

thiazide/loop diuretics

hyperaldosteronism

hypomagnesemia

K+ driven into cells

dialysis

35
Q

name 3 things that drive K+ into cells

A

insulin

beta agonists (albuterol)

alkalosis

36
Q

what causes elevated D-dimer (lots!)

A

DVT/PE

DIC

COVID19

severe infxn/sepsis

surgery/trauma

MI/CVA

liver dz

renal dz

malignancy

pregnancy

Clinical Decision Making Exam 2 (10 decks)

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