Paulson - Lab Review Flashcards
6 meds that can cause hyperkalemia
K+ supplement
ACEI
ARB
bactrim
spironolactone
amiloride (diuretic)
6 medical conditions that can cause hyperkalemia
CKD/AKI
hemolysis/bleeding
tumor lysis syndrome
metabolic acidosis
insulin deficiency
rhabdo (tissue breakdown)
lab issue that can cause hyperkalemia
hemolyzed specimen
2 medical conditions that can cause BUN:Cr > 30:1
GI bleed
prerenal AKI
t/f: the higher the BUN:Cr ratio, the more likely an upper GI bleed
T!
why does an upper GIB cause BUN:Cr ratio > 30:1
blood is absorbed as it passes thru small bowel → decreased renal perfusion
4 causes of prerenal AKI
dehydration
decreased circulating volume
shock/hypotn
hemorrhage
3 causes of decreased circulating volume
cirrhosis
CHF
nephrotic syndrome
measure of the average size of the RBC
MCV
ddx for elevated MCV (5)
macrocytic anemia → B12/folate deficiency
etoh
liver dz
myelodysplastic syndrome
hypothyroidism
meds
6 common meds that cause elevated MCV
allopurinol
immunosuppressants
bactrim
H2 blockers
PPIs
metformin
mc cause of low MCV
IDA
besides IDA, 5 other causes of low MCV
thalassemia
lead poisoning
copper deficiency
zinc poisoning
GI bleed
colon ca
2 main categories of increased total bilirubin
liver dz
hemolytic anemia
6 lab tests that indicate hemolysis
haptoglobin
LDH
peripheral blood smear
reticulocytes
unconjugated bilirubin
urinalysis
lab value that is decreased in hemolysis
haptoglobin → binds free hgb
3 labs that are elevated/increased in hemolysis
LDH → released from lysed cells
reticulocytes → marrow response
unconjugated bilirubin → increased hgb breakdown
peripheral blood smear finding of hemolysis
abnorma rbc
urinalysis finding of hemolysis
free hgb and its metabolites
7 signs of hemolysis related to liver dz
shock
early sepsis
hemodynamic instability
f/c
RUQ pain
hx prior biliary surgery
severe acute liver injury
3 causes of elevated platelet count
reactive thrombocytosis
blood malignancies
familial thrombocytosis
4 causes of reactive thrombocytosis
infxn
blood loss/anemia
non-infectious inflammation
post-splenectomy
4 blood malignancies that cause reactive thrombocytosis
p. vera
CML
MDS
AML
4 causes of hypomagnesemia
GI losses
meds
etoh
post transplant
3 meds that cause hypomagnesemia
chronic PPI
loop diuretics
thiazide diuretics
8 causes of elevated WBC
infxn
inflammation
neoplasms
meds
cigs
stress/exercise
obesity
3 neoplasms that can cause elevated WBC
leukemia
p. vera
essential thrombocythemia
3 meds that can cause elevated WBC
glucocorticoids
catecholamines → epi
lithium
ALT predominant
drug-induced liver injury
AST predominant
etoh-associated hepatitis
ALP predominant
biliary obstruction or stone
besides ALP, what other lab is elevated if liver/gallbladder obstruction
bilirubin
would you see bilirubin elevation in fracture, osteomyelitis, or bone lesion
no
6 causes of hypokalemia
diarrhea/sweat
thiazide/loop diuretics
hyperaldosteronism
hypomagnesemia
K+ driven into cells
dialysis
name 3 things that drive K+ into cells
insulin
beta agonists (albuterol)
alkalosis
what causes elevated D-dimer (lots!)
DVT/PE
DIC
COVID19
severe infxn/sepsis
surgery/trauma
MI/CVA
liver dz
renal dz
malignancy
pregnancy
