Patterns of production, distribution and consumption Flashcards

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1
Q

Globalisation made an international division of labour, into what 2 groups.

A

Highly skilled, paid, decision making research on a global scale concentrated in more developed countries.
Poorly skilled, paid tend to be located in developing countries where there is lower labour costs.

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2
Q

What has changed in the last 40 years?

A

Many countries classified as less developed countries are now newly industrialised countries.
They have developed their own TNCs and commercial bases.

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3
Q

Where has there been an increase in newly industrialised countries.

A

4 Asian Tiger economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan.
Which were followed by the BRIC and MINT economies.

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4
Q

In the past where was manufacturing most prominent?

A

In 1954 manufacturing was concentrated in industrialised economies of western Europe, North America and Japan.
Products largely consumed in country of origin.

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5
Q

Define decentralisation.

A

Transfer of authority from central to local government.

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6
Q

What are BRIC countries.

A
Brazil.
Russia.
India.
China.
Economies advanced since 1900s.
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7
Q

What are MINT countries.

A
Mexico.
Indonesia.
Nigeria.
Turkey.
More recently emerging economies.
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8
Q

What has decentralisation to TNCS?

A

They have been set up in developing countries.
Lower land, labour costs.
Incentives.
All encourages many TNCs to relocate the production abroad.
This has lead to global shift.

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9
Q

What is global shift?

A

The movement of manufacturing industry away from developed countries to lower wage less developed countries.

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10
Q

What has the transfers of technology to the less developing world achieved?

A

Its increased productivity without raising their wages to the same level as those in developed countries.

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11
Q

Name a disadvantage to decentralisation on richer country?

A

Loss of industry.

Loss of jobs in manufacturing sector.

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12
Q

Give an example of a loss of manufacturing jobs in a rich country.

A

In the Uk manufacturing employment fell around 50% in the 30 years between 1983 and 2013.
The decline has now steadied and on the rise again.

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13
Q

Where are manufacturing jobs primarily located?

A

50% in developing world so 50% in developed world.

60% of exports are to the developed wold and are manufactured goods.

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14
Q

Apart from global shift what else has led to the decline of manufacturing in the developed world?

A

Outmoded production methods.
Production at end of life cycle.
Poor management.
Reversal of this has been promoted by foreign TNCs investing in deindustrialised regions.

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15
Q

How has manufacturing transfers been made easy?

A

Lower costs.
Availability of skilled/educated workforce.
Latest technology.
Government incentives -tax breaks.
Access to large markets without tariff barriers.

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16
Q

Where does product consumption primarily take place?

A

In developed world.

Products being manufactured in emerging NIC economies are largely exported and sold in Europe and N. America.

17
Q

EXAMPLE.

Dyson.

A

Dyson, UK bases vacuum cleaner manufacturer moved the manufacturing of it to Malaysia.
But it still sells the bulk of vacuums to UK and Europe.

18
Q

How are distribution and consumption patterns changing?

A

NICs are becoming more affluent and starting to demand similar consumer products to those being exported from their countries.