patterns of inheritance Flashcards
is the transmission of traits from one
generation to the next
Heretidy
the scientific study of heredity
Genetics
A cross between two individuals that are
heterozygous for one character
Monohybrid Cross
mating of parental varieties
that differ in two characters
Dihybrid Cross
the alleles of a pair segregate independently
of other allele pairs during gamete formation.
Mendel’s law of independent assortment
calculates the
probability of two independent events both
occurring. (“and”)
rule of multiplication
a unit that determines heritable characteristics
Gene
NEED TO KNOW FACT!
most people who have recessive disorders are born to normal parents who are both heterozygotes–that is, parents who are carriers of the recessive allele for the disorder but are phenotypically “normal”
calculates the probability of
an event that can occur in alternative ways. (“or”)
Rule od Addition
The offspring of two different varieties
Hybrid
one of the alternative versions of a gene for a character
Allele
A feature that varies among individuals, such as flower color
Trait
A diagram that shows possible combinations of gametes
punnet-square
an organism that has two different alleles for a gene
heterozygous
fertilization of a plant by pollen from a different plant
cross-fertilization
an organisms genetic makeup
Genotype
what an organism looks like; its expression of traits
phenotype
when two alleles of a pair differ, the one that determines appearance
Dominant
The science of hereditary
Genetics
when pollen fertilizes eggs from the same flower
self-fertilization
a hybridization
cross
Offspring of the P Generation
F1 Generation
Separation of allele pairs during gamete production
segregation
offspring of the F1 Generation
F2 generation
