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Bio Module 6 > patterns of in heritance > Flashcards

patterns of in heritance Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a gene?

A

a section of DNA (base sequence) that codes for a protein

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2
Q

what is an allele?

A

Variations of a gene

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3
Q

Define genotype

A

Genetic make-up of an organism

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4
Q

Define phenotype

A

The observable characteristics of an organism

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5
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A change in the base sequence of DNA

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of mutagen?

A

Physical eg. X-rays, UV light, Gamma rays

Chemical eg. Benzopyrene, mustard gas

Biological eg. some viruses, alcohol

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7
Q

What is a deletion chromosome mutation?

A

Part of a chromosome is excluded during DNA replication

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8
Q

What are inversion chromosome mutations?

A

A section breaks off, rotates 180 degrees and then rejoin

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9
Q

What is a non disjunction chromosome mutation?

A

One pair of chromosomes fail to separate, leaving one gamete with an extra chromosome

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10
Q

What is Etoilation?

A

Plants grow abnormally long and spindly due to lack of light

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11
Q

What is interspecific variation?

A

Differences between different species

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12
Q

What is intraspecific variation?

A

differences between individuals of the same species

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13
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

The allele that is expressed even if only one is present

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14
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

The allele is only expressed if there is no dominant allele present

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15
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

BOTH alleles are dominant or recessive

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16
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

Two different alleles (one dominant, one recessive)

16
Q

What is a locus?

A

The position of a gene on a chromosome

17
Q

What is monogenic inheritance?

A

The inheritance of a characteristic controlled by a single gene.

eg. Wing length in fruit flies

18
Q

What does pure-breeding mean?

A

Homozygous

19
Q
A
20
Q

What are recombinant offspring?

A

Offspring with different combinations of alleles than either parent

21
Q

What is an autosome?

A

A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

22
Q

When does autosomal linkage occur?

A

When two or more genes are located on the same autosome. These genes are said to be ‘linked’ or ‘autosomally linked’

23
Q

How do you calculate the recombination frequency?

A

)Number of recombinant offspring dived by the total number of offspring) x100

Bio Module 6 (3 decks)

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