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Bio Module 6 > patterns of in heritance > Flashcards

patterns of in heritance Flashcards

1
Q

what is a gene?

A

a section of DNA (base sequence) that codes for a protein

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2
Q

what is an allele?

A

Variations of a gene

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3
Q

Define genotype

A

Genetic make-up of an organism

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4
Q

Define phenotype

A

The observable characteristics of an organism

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5
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A change in the base sequence of DNA

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of mutagen?

A

Physical eg. X-rays, UV light, Gamma rays

Chemical eg. Benzopyrene, mustard gas

Biological eg. some viruses, alcohol

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7
Q

What is a deletion chromosome mutation?

A

Part of a chromosome is excluded during DNA replication

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8
Q

What are inversion chromosome mutations?

A

A section breaks off, rotates 180 degrees and then rejoin

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9
Q

What is a non disjunction chromosome mutation?

A

One pair of chromosomes fail to separate, leaving one gamete with an extra chromosome

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10
Q

What is Etoilation?

A

Plants grow abnormally long and spindly due to lack of light

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11
Q

What is interspecific variation?

A

Differences between different species

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12
Q

What is intraspecific variation?

A

differences between individuals of the same species

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13
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

The allele that is expressed even if only one is present

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14
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

The allele is only expressed if there is no dominant allele present

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15
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

BOTH alleles are dominant or recessive

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16
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

Two different alleles (one dominant, one recessive)

16
Q

What is a locus?

A

The position of a gene on a chromosome

17
Q

What is monogenic inheritance?

A

The inheritance of a characteristic controlled by a single gene.

eg. Wing length in fruit flies

18
Q

What does pure-breeding mean?

A

Homozygous

19
Q
A
20
Q

What are recombinant offspring?

A

Offspring with different combinations of alleles than either parent

21
Q

What is an autosome?

A

A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

22
Q

When does autosomal linkage occur?

A

When two or more genes are located on the same autosome. These genes are said to be ‘linked’ or ‘autosomally linked’

23
Q

How do you calculate the recombination frequency?

A

)Number of recombinant offspring dived by the total number of offspring) x100

24
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

There is no significant difference between what we expect and what we observe

25
Q

Why do we use the chi-squared test?

A

It measures the size of the difference between the observed and expected results. It helps determine whether the differences are significant or not. It is used to test the null hypothesis

26
Q

How do you calculate the degree of freedom?

A

Number of categories - 1

Bio Module 6 (3 decks)

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