Patterns of Evolution Flashcards
They assembled data from recent surveys conducted in 32 European countries, United States, and Japan
Jon D. Miller and colleagues (2006)
Which countires ranked highest in agreeing anout the concept of evolution?
Iceland, Denmark, Sweden, and France (80%)
Which country next to the highest ranked agree about the concept of evolution?
Japan (78%)
The second to last country that agree to the concept of evolution?
United States; 40% (accepted), 39% (rejected), 21% (unsure)
The last ranked country that agree to the concept of evolution
Turkey (25%)
2 Views of the History of Life
- Special Creation
- Descent with Modification (Evolution)
Special Creation
- species are immutable
- variations among individuals is limited
- earth is only 6,000 years old
- species are derived independently
Descent with Modification (Evolution)
- species are mutable
- speciation
- macroevolution
- species are not derived independently [all life forms are related (common ancestory)]
- earth and life are considerably more than 6,000 years old
What does it mean when species are immutable?
Unchanged since their origin
What does it mean when species are mutable?
Changes through time (microevolution)
Speciation
Lineages split and diverge
Macroevolution
New life-forms derived from older forms
It is one of the most influential texts of a (specific) century
Origin of Species by Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin’s theory of _____ _____ has been hailed as one of the most ______ _____ to modern science
- natural selection
- innovative contributions
When did Charles Darwin proposed his theory?
1859
Who is the father and grandfather of Charles Darwin?
- Richard Darwin
- Erasmus Darwin
They are both doctors
Why was Darwin not the first person to suggest the concept of evolution?
because Erasmus Darwin (his grandfather) already thinking about evolution
What did Charles Darwin provide to study evolution?
He provide a mechanism of evoution (natural selection)
What are the alternative to the creation of species other than the concept of evolution before Charles Darwin?
- God J.B. Lamarck’s theory (Inheritance of Acquired Traits)
- Robert Chambers (Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation)
It sparked a debate over the possibility that new species were produced from pre-existing ones
Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation of 1844 by Robert Chambers
Initially, Charles Darwin studied _______ at the ________ of _______
- Medicine
- University of Edinburgh
Why did Charles Darwin neglected his studies?
He couldn’t stand the sight of surgery or the sight of blood (had nausea, fainted)
After neglecting his studies in Medicine, what did he do?
Sent by his father to Christ’s College, Cambridge University to become an Angelican priest
Again, after neglecting his studies to become Angelican priest, what did he pursue?
He pursue a passionate interest in Natural History
Who is Darwin’s Botany professor at Christ’s College (Divinity School), Cambridge University?
Reverend John Stevens Henslow (1796-1861)
In 1831, Henslow encouraged Darwin to join the Voyage of the Beagle as the ship’s _______
naturalist
A ship sent by British Navy to chart coastline of South America
HMS Beagle
What dis Darwin do as he had some expertise in geology?
Beetle collecting and dissecting marine invertebrates
Darwin was primarily a geologist, what did he do in the Voyage of the Beagle?
He made observations on geological formations as the ship was mapping the coastline
Where did Darwin made a major fossil of bones?
Punta Alta in Patagonia
What did Darwin find at Punta Alta in Patagonia?
Fossil bones of huge extinct mammals in cliffs beside modern seashells
The major find of fossil bones indicates what?
Indicting recent extinction with no signs of change in climate or catastrophe (“extinction happen”)
An Island that have a great importance in shaping Darwin’s thinking?
The Galapagos Island
What did Darwin conclude about the population of a “species” on each Island?
- population descended from common ancestor
- they had evolved and were evolving
The bird (mockingbird) that is found in Galapagos near Sapho Cove on Chatham Island (now known as Isla San Cristonal) is now known as?
Mimus melanotis in San Cristobal Mockingbird
Who was the acting Governor of Galapagos?
Nicolas Lawson
What did Darwin and Lawson noticed about the mockingbirds and tortoises in different Islands?
Both the mockingbirds and tortoises differed from island to island
Darwin’s observation in Galapagos Island, especially in mockingbirds
- mockingbirds on different islands differ slightly in size, shape, and coloration
- all shared some traits (homologous traits)
- these birds must have a common ancestor and were not independently created
