Patterns of Evolution

Question 1

They assembled data from recent surveys conducted in 32 European countries, United States, and Japan

Answer 1

Jon D. Miller and colleagues (2006)

Question 2

Which countires ranked highest in agreeing anout the concept of evolution?

Answer 2

Iceland, Denmark, Sweden, and France (80%)

Question 3

Which country next to the highest ranked agree about the concept of evolution?

Answer 3

Japan (78%)

Question 4

The second to last country that agree to the concept of evolution?

Answer 4

United States; 40% (accepted), 39% (rejected), 21% (unsure)

Question 5

The last ranked country that agree to the concept of evolution

Answer 5

Turkey (25%)

Question 6

2 Views of the History of Life

Answer 6

1. Special Creation
2. Descent with Modification (Evolution)

Question 7

Special Creation

Answer 7

• species are immutable
• variations among individuals is limited
• earth is only 6,000 years old
• species are derived independently

Question 8

Descent with Modification (Evolution)

Answer 8

• species are mutable
• speciation
• macroevolution
• species are not derived independently [all life forms are related (common ancestory)]
• earth and life are considerably more than 6,000 years old

Question 9

What does it mean when species are immutable?

Answer 9

Unchanged since their origin

Question 10

What does it mean when species are mutable?

Answer 10

Changes through time (microevolution)

Question 11

Speciation

Answer 11

Lineages split and diverge

Question 12

Macroevolution

Answer 12

New life-forms derived from older forms

Question 13

It is one of the most influential texts of a (specific) century

Answer 13

Origin of Species by Charles Darwin

Question 14

Charles Darwin’s theory of _____ _____ has been hailed as one of the most ______ _____ to modern science

Answer 14

• natural selection
• innovative contributions

Question 15

When did Charles Darwin proposed his theory?

Answer 15

1859

Question 16

Who is the father and grandfather of Charles Darwin?

Answer 16

• Richard Darwin
• Erasmus Darwin
  They are both doctors

Question 17

Why was Darwin not the first person to suggest the concept of evolution?

Answer 17

because Erasmus Darwin (his grandfather) already thinking about evolution

Question 18

What did Charles Darwin provide to study evolution?

Answer 18

He provide a mechanism of evoution (natural selection)

Question 19

What are the alternative to the creation of species other than the concept of evolution before Charles Darwin?

Answer 19

• God J.B. Lamarck’s theory (Inheritance of Acquired Traits)
• Robert Chambers (Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation)

Question 20

It sparked a debate over the possibility that new species were produced from pre-existing ones

Answer 20

Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation of 1844 by Robert Chambers

Question 21

Initially, Charles Darwin studied _______ at the ________ of _______

Answer 21

• Medicine
• University of Edinburgh

Question 22

Why did Charles Darwin neglected his studies?

Answer 22

He couldn’t stand the sight of surgery or the sight of blood (had nausea, fainted)

Question 23

After neglecting his studies in Medicine, what did he do?

Answer 23

Sent by his father to Christ’s College, Cambridge University to become an Angelican priest

Question 24

Again, after neglecting his studies to become Angelican priest, what did he pursue?

Answer 24

He pursue a passionate interest in Natural History

Question 25

Who is Darwin’s Botany professor at Christ’s College (Divinity School), Cambridge University?

Answer 25

Reverend John Stevens Henslow (1796-1861)

Question 26

In 1831, Henslow encouraged Darwin to join the Voyage of the Beagle as the ship’s _______

Answer 26

naturalist

Question 27

A ship sent by British Navy to chart coastline of South America

Answer 27

HMS Beagle

Question 28

What dis Darwin do as he had some expertise in geology?

Answer 28

Beetle collecting and dissecting marine invertebrates

Question 29

Darwin was primarily a geologist, what did he do in the Voyage of the Beagle?

Answer 29

He made observations on geological formations as the ship was mapping the coastline

Question 30

Where did Darwin made a major fossil of bones?

Answer 30

Punta Alta in Patagonia

Question 31

What did Darwin find at Punta Alta in Patagonia?

Answer 31

Fossil bones of huge extinct mammals in cliffs beside modern seashells

Question 32

The major find of fossil bones indicates what?

Answer 32

Indicting recent extinction with no signs of change in climate or catastrophe (“extinction happen”)

Question 33

An Island that have a great importance in shaping Darwin’s thinking?

Answer 33

The Galapagos Island

Question 34

What did Darwin conclude about the population of a “species” on each Island?

Answer 34

- population descended from common ancestor - they had evolved and were evolving

Question 35

The bird (mockingbird) that is found in Galapagos near Sapho Cove on Chatham Island (now known as Isla San Cristonal) is now known as?

Answer 35

Mimus melanotis in San Cristobal Mockingbird

Question 36

Who was the acting Governor of Galapagos?

Answer 36

Nicolas Lawson

Question 37

What did Darwin and Lawson noticed about the mockingbirds and tortoises in different Islands?

Answer 37

Both the mockingbirds and tortoises differed from island to island

Question 38

Darwin’s observation in Galapagos Island, especially in mockingbirds

Answer 38

- mockingbirds on different islands differ slightly in size, shape, and coloration - all shared some traits (homologous traits) - these birds must have a common ancestor and were not independently created