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EEG > Patterns: Abnormal Variants > Flashcards

Patterns: Abnormal Variants Flashcards

1
Q

faster or slower

A

frequency

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2
Q

higher or lower

A

voltage

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3
Q

varies from usual

A

location

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4
Q

differs from usual

A

morphology

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5
Q

fails to react

A

reactivity

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6
Q

what can be seen on an abnormal EEG

A
  • background slowing
  • slow waves
  • paroxysmal discharge
  • specific patterns
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7
Q

what can abnormal EEGs present as?

A
  • focal
  • lateralized
  • generalized
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8
Q

the dominant activity of wakefulness and rest. Alpha activity is considered the most common background activity

A

normal

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9
Q

the dominant activity recorded in abnormal patients during resting asymptomatic periods

A

abnormal

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10
Q

when is delta abnormal?

A

in an awake patient

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11
Q

delta intermixed with other frequencies

A

polymorphic (arrhythmic)

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12
Q
  • lesion of cerebrum
  • white matter of dysfunction
  • structural lesions (tumors, CVA, Abscess, Dementias)
A

Focal (polymorphic)

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13
Q
  • toxic encephalopathy
  • metabolic encephalopathy
  • degenerative disorders
  • demyelinating disorders
  • infectious diseases
  • cerebral ischemia
A

generalized (polymorphic)

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14
Q
  • IRDA
  • generalized brain dysfunction
  • repeating delta waves of the same frequency
A

monomorphic (rhythmic)

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15
Q
  • frontal predominance
  • adults
  • bursts of sinusoidal, bilaterally synchronous, monomorphic activity
A

FIRDA

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16
Q

what attenuates FIRDA?

A
  • eye closure
  • HV
  • drowsiness
17
Q

what are causes of FIRDA?

A
  • tumors
  • toxic/ metabolic encephalopathy
  • increased ICP
18
Q
  • occipital predominance
  • children
  • absence seizures
A

OIRDA

19
Q
  • temporal predominance
  • usually associated with temporal lobe epilepsy
A

TIRDA

20
Q
  • spike or sharp waves or mixed theta-delta waves
  • background always disrupted
  • biphasic or triphasic spike or wave discharges occur after acute insult
  • non-reactive
A

Periodic Lateralized Epileptiform Discharges (PLEDS)

21
Q

what are causes of PLEDS

A
  • ischemic CVA
  • herpes simplex encephalitis
  • tumors
  • encephalitis
  • cerebral abscess
22
Q
  • voltage 100-200 uV
  • asynchronous
  • bi/triphasic spike or sharp wave discharges
  • background always disrupted
  • non-reactive
A

BIPLEDS

23
Q

what are causes of BIPLEDS

A
  • anoxic encephalopathy
  • herpes simplex
24
Q
  • 9-10 Hz
  • generalized
  • fronto-central maximum
  • usually no slow waves
  • non-reactive
  • poor prognosis
A

alpha coma

25
Q

what are causes of alpha coma

A
  • cerebral anoxia
  • brainstem lesions
  • drug overdose
26
Q
  • small negative, large positive, negative waveform
  • generalized with frontal maximum
  • anterior- posterior phase lag of 60-120 ms
  • abnormal background
A

triphasic waves

27
Q

causes of triphasic waves

A
  • metabolic disturbances
  • primarily hepatic encephalopathy
28
Q
  • periods of moderate-high amplitude activity usually lasting a few seconds
  • bursts consist of spikes, sharps, and other frequencies
  • generalized
  • deepest level of coma before brain death
  • non responsive
A

burst suppression

29
Q

causes of burst suppression

A
  • anoxic encephalopathy
  • acute intoxication
  • hypoxia
  • head injury
  • may be reversible if due to drug overdose, hypothermia, or anesthesia
30
Q

waveforms that repeat with approximately the same interval each time

A

periodic patterns

31
Q

Give examples of periodic patterns

A
  • PLEDS
  • BIPLEDS
  • CJD
  • Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
  • ECI
32
Q
  • biphasic and triphasic periodic sharp waves
  • excessive slow activity
  • disorganized background
  • prion diseased
  • rapidly progressive dementia
A

Jakob-Creuzfeldt Disease (CJD)

33
Q

balance disturbance

A

ataxia

34
Q
  • usually affects temporal lobes
  • viral infection
  • lies dormant in the trigeminal nerve
A

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

35
Q

list symptoms of HSE

A
  • drowsy or confusion
  • nuchal rigidity
  • fever
  • HA
  • seizures
36
Q

list examples of CJD

A
  • rapidly progressive dementia
  • speech impairment
  • myoclonus
  • ataxia
  • seizures
37
Q

> 2uV

A

ECI

EEG (9 decks)

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