Patronage.

Question 1

At the start of the classical era, many composers were writing under what?

Answer 1

Many composers were writing under a system of patronage from aristocratic benefactors.

Question 2

How did subscription concerts come about?

Answer 2

During the late classical and Romantic era, the rise in the educated and wealthy middle classes in many European countries lead to subscription concert series, where composers were commissioned to write by concert promoters.

Question 3

What are two aristocratic courts from the early classical era?

Answer 3

• Mannheim Palace, Germany (Charles III and Elector Palatine).
• Esterhazy Palace, Austria (Nikolas II, Prince Esterhazy).

Question 4

Who was the most influential composer who stayed at Mannheim Palace?

Answer 4

Stamitz.

Question 5

Stamitz Op.3 No.2:

Answer 5

Mannheim Palace.
- Entertainment.
- Mannheim effects (hammerstroke).
- Three opening tonic chords.
- Commissioned.

Question 6

C.P.E. Bach E Minor:

Answer 6

Freiderik the Great.
- Empfindsamer stil (Sensitive style as the precursor to sturm und drang).
- Chromatic dramaticism seen in movement I.
- Commissioned.

Question 7

Haydn Hornsignal:

Answer 7

Esterharzy.
- Horn fanfares.
- In celebration of the horn section being full again.
- Commissioned.

Question 8

Mozart - Jupiter:

Answer 8

Unclear whether for customers or commissioned or for his own concert series.
- Sequence and countermelodies to appeal to audiences.

Question 9

Haydn 104:

Answer 9

Salomon subscriptions.
- Larger venue means a larger orchestra.
- To entertain, he has catchy melodic material.
- Monothematicism to aid in remembrance of the theme.
- Diatonic so pleasing to hear.

Question 10

Beethoven 9:

Answer 10

London Philharmonic Society:
- Large venues + audiences + chior.
- The last movement chior was enabled by money.

Question 11

Berlioz Symphony Fantastique:

Answer 11

Parisian Conservitoire.
- Written to make him more well known in Paris.
- Idee Fixe last movement.
- Eb clarinet/Higher register.

Question 12

Mendelssohn Italian:

Answer 12

London Philharmonic.
- Trying to appeal to the taste of the educated Londoners.
- Tarantella theme.

Question 13

Liszt Faust Symphony:

Answer 13

To commemorate a new statue in Weimar.
- Anguish of the story is displayed through unharmonised triads.

Question 14

Bruckner 7:

Answer 14

Leipzig Gurandhaus Orchestra.
- 70 musician orchestra.
- Including the new Wagner tubes in the 15-piece brass section.

Question 15

Dvorjak 8:

Answer 15

Publishers for a Popular Music Concert (showing the growing power of the publishing house).
- Bohemian and Czech references throughout.

Question 16

Dvorjak ‘New World’:

Answer 16

American Patron Jeanette Mayer Thurber.
- Dvorjak was made head of the national conservitoire of America.
- Cor anglais = Representing an African American spiritual centre.