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MD2001 Week 10 > Patient Pain > Flashcards

Patient Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Why can pain be disabling?

A

Interrupts, interferes and impacts.

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2
Q

Define pain.

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

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3
Q

What is the timeframe for acute pain?

A

Intense, but time limited (3-6 months).

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4
Q

What is the timeframe for chronic pain?

A

Often beings as acute pain and does not dissipate after 3-6 months.

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5
Q

What are the 3 sub-categories of chronic pain?

A

Recurrent acute, intractable-benign and progressive.

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6
Q

What is recurrent acute pain caused by?

A

Benign or harmless condition.

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7
Q

What is the type of pain in recurrent acute chronic pain?

A

Repeated, intense episodes separated by period without pain.

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8
Q

What type of pain is there in intractable-benign pain?

A

Benign but persistent pain, never disappears.

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9
Q

What does the pain originate from in progressive chronic pain?

A

Often from a malignant condition.

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10
Q

What is the type of pain in progressive chronic?

A

Continuing pain which worsens as the condition worsens.

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11
Q

What is pain mediated by?

A

Nociceptors.

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12
Q

What are the 3 theories for pain?

A

Specificity theory, pattern theory and the gate control theory.

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13
Q

What does the specificity theory propose?

A

Separate sensory system for pain, specific sensory for detecting pain stimuli, specific peripheral nerves to brain and specific area in brain for processing pain signals.

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14
Q

What does the pattern theory propose?

A

No separate system for pain, pain results from pattern or type of stimulation received by nerve ends, intensity of stimulation is key determination of pain and strong and mild stimuli of the same sense modality produce different patterns of neural activity.

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15
Q

What is a limitation of the specificity theory?

A

Incorrect- no specific receptor cells in body that transmit only information about pain.

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16
Q

What is a limitation of the pattern theory?

A

Requires that stimuli triggering pain must be intense.

17
Q

What are limitations of both the specificity and pattern theories?

A

Pain can be felt without tissue damage, tissue damage can exist without pain, fail to account for role of psychology.

18
Q

What is the underlying notion of the gate control theory?

A

Nerve endings in the damaged area transmit impulses to the spinal cord.

19
Q

How does the gate in the spinal cord react to pain?

A

Open to let pain signal through and close to reduce the pain experience.

20
Q

What does the gating mechanism modulate?

A

Incoming pain signals before they reach the brain.

21
Q

What is gate control influenced by?

A

Amt of activity in pain fibres, amt of activity in other peripheral fibres and messages descending from brain.

22
Q

What do alpha-delta pain fibres respond to?

A

Pricking and stabbing with fast impulse transmission.

23
Q

What do C pain fibres respond to?

A

Burning and aching with slow impulse transmission.

24
Q

How do alpha-beta peripheral fibres respond to pain?

A

Closes the gate- less pain.

25
Q

What are the techniques for assessing pain?

A

Physiological, self-report and behavioural.

26
Q

What do physiological measures of pain assume?

A

Pain perception is associated with specific physiological responses.

27
Q

What are the drawbacks of physiological measures of pain?

A

Relationship between physiological responses and experiences of pain are not consistent.

28
Q

What occurs in the self-report measures of pain?

A

Patients asked to describe their pain.

29
Q

What are the advantages of pain rating scales and diaries?

A

Direct, simple, quick and widely used and useful for measuring pain intensity.

30
Q

What are the 3 ways of measuring the nature of pain?

A

Affective, sensory and evaluative.

31
Q

When are self-report techniques not useful?

A

With children and when there is a language barrier.

32
Q

What can occur with a self-report evaluation?

A

A misrepresentation of pain can occur.

33
Q

How can you evaluate pain through behavioural assessment?

A

Physical symptoms, verbal expressions and facial expressions.

34
Q

What are the procedures for assessing pain in situation?

A

Everyday activities and structured clinical sessions.

35
Q

What are the physical factors that affect pain experience?

A

Learning, Cognition, Personality and Stress.

36
Q

What are some psychological pain management techniques?

A

Biofeedback, relaxation, distraction, cognitive methods, behaviour therapy and hypnosis.

MD2001 Week 10 (6 decks)

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