Patient Montoring

Question 1

What do we monitor

Answer 1

Saturation
Heart rate
Respiration rate
Temperature
Co2 levels
Bp

Question 2

When should the patient be monitored

Answer 2

Before during and after

Question 3

Look listen and feel

Answer 3

Look at patients colours and watch signs for hypoxia
Look at chest movement
Listen to breathe sounds
Audible breathe sounds
Place hand on patients chest or abdomen

Question 4

How is the patient monitored

Answer 4

ECG
pulse oximeter
thermometer
Respiratory rate monitor
Blood pressure monitor

Question 5

ECG

Answer 5

Visual display of electrical activity in the heart
Used normally a 3 lead ecg
However 12 can be used for more depth

Question 6

Electrode placement

Answer 6

Triangle around heart to get the best heart activity
Red=right Under right clavicle
Yellow=left. Under left clavicle
Green=spleen. Over the lower left rib cage edge

Question 7

Arrhythmia and examples

Answer 7

Abnormal cardiac rhythms or rates
Metabolic imbalances
Cardiac diseases
Hypoxia=low oxygen
Cardiac arrest
Poor electrode placement

Question 8

Pulse oximetry

Answer 8

Measures arterial blood and oxygen saturation and heart rate
Allows detection of hypoxia

Question 9

How does pulse oximetry work

Answer 9

Probe is attached and detects saturation of haemoglobin and pulse rate
Alarams can be set for low saturation levels
Monitor displays oxygen saturation as a percentage together with the pulse rate

Question 10

Blood pressure description

Answer 10

Blood pressure highest when contracts= systolic
Lowest when relaxes diastolic
Bp affected by age bmi emotion physical fitness

Question 11

Measuring blood pressure

Answer 11

We use a cuff with tube for inflation or deflation
Alarms can be send for high or low
Correct size for accurate readings
Should cover 80% of arms circumference

Question 12

Invasive blood pressure monitoring

Answer 12

Central venous pressure
Arterial pressure

Question 13

Arterial line

Answer 13

Cannula placed into artery
Measures pressure of actual artery
Provides systolic and diastolic and mean pressure

Question 14

Central line

Answer 14

Sterile technique
Assessment of cardiac function
Allows iv access fast high volume fluid administration

Question 15

Hypothermia and hypothermia

Answer 15

Hypothermia = below 35 degrees
Seen in very old or very young
Hyperthermia=greater than 40 degrees
Can lead to protein denature convulsions and death

Question 16

Respiratory rate

Answer 16

Recorded as breathes/m
Normal for adult is 12-18

Question 17

What may affect respiratory rate

Answer 17

Drugs
Disease
Pain
Reduced level of conciousness

Question 18

Wave form capnography and what information it provides

Answer 18

Most useful in anaesthesia
Measures co2 output
Provides gas exchange metabolisms disconnections airway obstructions