Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anaesthesia > Patient monitoring > Flashcards

Patient monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it key to monitor the cardiovascular system during anaethesia?

A

Ensuring tissue oxygen delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A palpatable pulse is indicative of what?

A

Tactile arterial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mucous membrane colour represents what?

A

Blood oxygenation and tissue perfusion (vasoconstriction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Capillary refill time indicates what?

A

Peripheral perfusion, indicator of dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Arterial blood pressure can be calculated how?

A

ABP = SV X HR X SVR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SVR

A

Systemic vascular resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the normal value of blood pressure? (SAP, DAP, MAP)

A

SAP - 120, DAP - 60-70, Mean - 80-90 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the possible side effects associated with hypo and hypertension?

A

Hypo - reduced organ perfusion, Hyper - organ damage. (Brain, kidney, liver, eyes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can a patients effective breathing be assessed?

A

Assessing: rate, rhythm, depth (TV), mucous membrane colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What may cyanotic MMs indicate?

A

Poor tissue oxygen delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What may brick red MMs indicate?

A

Hypercapnia, endotoxaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is dead space air?

A

Volume of inspired air which does not participate in gas exchange (within the URT, trachea and ET tube)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A high PaCO2 value indicates what?

A

Indicate hypercapnia which in turn suggests hypoventilation. visa versa for low PaCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ventilatory failure is defined as…

A

The clinical state produced when PaCO2 rises quickly enough to produce an immediate life-threatening situation. PaCO2 > 60mmHg (HYPOVENTILATION)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oxygenation failure is defined as…

A

Acute respiratory distress resulting in PaO2 less than 60mmHg breathing room air (21% O2) (HYPOXEMIA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

V

A

Perfused but not ventilated (atelectasis/oedema)

17
Q

V>Q

A

Ventilated but not perfused (pulmonary embolism)

18
Q

Pulse oximeters measure what?

A

Measures the saturation of Hb with oxygen

19
Q

Doppler and oscillometric methods of blood pressure are examples of invasive or non-invasive?

A

Non-invasive

20
Q

Dopplers are able to measure which measure of blood pressure?

A

Systolic arterial pressure ONLY

21
Q

Oscillometric methods of measuring blood pressure allow measurement of which blood pressures?

A

SAP, DAP, MAP and HR

22
Q

How does direct arterial blood pressure measurement work?

A

Cannulation of a peripheral artery (dorsal metatarsal/ facial), connected to a pressure transducer which converts pressure signal to an electrical signal, attached to monitor.

23
Q

How can anaesthesia induced hypotension be treated?

A

Reduce anaesthetic depth, fluids, positive inotropes, vasoconstrictors (also reduced perfusion), ventilation

24
Q

What does central venous pressure measure?

A

A measure of hydrostatic pressure within the thoracic vena cava (indicates volaemia)

25
Q

When measuring central venous pressure where is the catheter inserted into?

A

Through the jugular vein the catheter is inserted into the right atrium

26
Q

What measure of respiratory efficiency is the best for measuring gaseous exchange in the lungs?

A

Arterial blood gas tension (PaCO2). Can be measured using capnometry/capnograph.

27
Q

What is the difference between readings of capnometers and capnographs?

A

Capnometers only give a value for ETCO2 whereas capnographs also give a continuous plot of CO2 against time.

28
Q

Describe the four phases which can be seen on a capnograph trace.

A

1 - inspiratory baseline (should be 0), 2 - expiration, 3 - expiratory plateu (peak CO2 at end), 4 - inspiration

29
Q

If the inspiratory baseline of a capnograph is not at zero what would this indicate?

A

The animal is rebreathing CO2 - check soda lime, increase free gas flow, check the pressure limiting valve

30
Q

What does an increasing ETCO2 on a capnograph indicate?

A

Hypoventilation - decrease anaesthetic depth, start IPPV, endobronchial intubation

31
Q

Sudden zero ETCO2 on the capnograph may indicate what?

A

Apnoea/ disconnection

32
Q

Oscillations during the inspiration phase of a capnograph trace may indicate what?

A

Cardiogenic oscillations - NORMAL

33
Q

Describe pulse oximetry.

A

Utilises Lambert-beer law. OxyHb absorbs more infrared light, DeoxyHb absorbs more red light.

34
Q

What SpO2 value is aimed for during anaesthesia?

A

> > 90% (98%), should be 100% when oxygen is supplemented

Anaesthesia (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions