Patient Examination

Question 0

contextual factors

Answer 0

external environmental

internal personal

Question 1

ICF view of disability or function

Answer 1

outcomes of interactions between health conditions and contextual factors

Question 2

3 levels of human functioning according to ICF

Answer 2

• body or body part
• the whole person
• the whole person in a social context

Question 3

body structures

Answer 3

anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs and their component structures

Question 4

body functions

Answer 4

physiological functions of the body system including psychological functions

Question 5

activity

Answer 5

the execution of a task or action by an individual

Question 6

participation

Answer 6

involvement in a life situation

Question 7

external environmental factors

Answer 7

social attitudes, architectural characteristics, legal and social structures, climate, terrain, etc…

Question 8

internal personal factors

Answer 8

gender, age, coping styles, social background, education, profession, past and current experience, overall behavior pattern, character and other factors that influence how disability is experienced by the individual

Question 9

disablement risk factors

Answer 9

external to self but pose risk to self
-behaviors, attributes or environmental influences that increase the chances of developing impairments, activity limitations, or participation restrictions when an individual demonstrates an active pathology

Question 10

buffers

Answer 10

actions or interventions the individual makes to resist the development of impairments, functional limitations or disability

Question 11

Impairments

Answer 11

problems in body function or structure such as a loss or deviation

Question 12

3 subcategories of impairments

Answer 12

• direct
• indirect
• composite

Question 13

Direct impairments

Answer 13

• the direct result of pathology

- consist of the specific alterations in anatomical, physiological, or psychological structures or functions

Question 14

direct impairment examples

Answer 14

sensory loss, loss of strength, loss of ROM, loss of ability to initiate movement, loss of vision

Question 15

Indirect impairments

Answer 15

secondary conditions that occur as a result of the primary disabling condition, often result from prolonged inactivity, ineffective management, or lack of rehabilitation intervention

Question 16

indirect impairment examples

Answer 16

disuse atrophy, contracture, pressure ulcers

Question 17

Composite impairments

Answer 17

impairments that can have multiple underlying causes, resulting from both direct and indirect causes

Question 18

composite impairment examples

Answer 18

faulty posture, poor postural control or balance

Question 19

activity limitations

Answer 19

difficulties and individual may have in executing an activity

limitations in the ability to perform activities in an efficient, typically expected manner

Question 20

activity

Answer 20

the execution of a task or action by an individual

Question 21

participation restrictions

Answer 21

problems an individual may experience in involvements in life situations

Question 22

participation

Answer 22

involvement in a life situation

Question 23

Patient management model

Answer 23

examination
evaluation
diagnosis
prognosis
interventions

make sure re-evaluate when needed

Question 24

3 components of Examination

Answer 24

patient history
systems review
tests & measures

Question 25

patient history must

Answer 25

consider culture and ethnicity

Question 26

sources of patient history

Answer 26

• medical records

- interview (family if given permission)

Question 27

Information that MUST be obtained during a patient history

Answer 27

• patient’s primary complaint

- history of the present illness or injury

Question 28

Systems review

Answer 28

a brief, standardized exam of the anatomical & physiological status of the:

• cardiovascular
• pulmonary
• integumentary
• endocrine
• GI
• genito-urinary
• musculoskeletal
• neuromuscular

Question 29

Purpose of the systems review

Answer 29

to identify symptoms associated with occult disease, medical conditions and/or adverse medication events that may minic conditions that are amenable to PT intervention

Question 30

purpose of tests and measures

Answer 30

• gather baseline patient data
• supplement, confirm, or refute data obtained in the history
• identify/confirm physical therapy diagnosis
• allow the therapist to make clinical judgements about the client’s health status

Question 31

preparation for the examination

Answer 31

• infection control
• environment
• equipment
• physical preparation and positioning of the patient
• psychological preparation of the patient
• age-related factors

Question 32

3 parts of the physical examination

Answer 32

• observation
• screening
• selection and application of appropriate tests and mesaures

Question 33

tests and measures will…

Answer 33

lead the therapist to the intervention(s) that may be appropriate for a given individual including

• risk factors
• health, wellness, and fitness
• pathology/pathophysiology

Question 34

the examination and evaluation process is…

Answer 34

ongoing and continues throughout the intervention and re-examination phases of management

Question 35

organization of the exam

Answer 35

• examine areas of symptoms or greatest risk first
• compare both sides of the body
• offer rest periods as necessary
• record results in a systematic way, using appropriate and specific data entry and terminology

Question 36

medical diagnosis

Answer 36

identifies disease at the level of the cell, tissue, organ, or system

Question 37

PT diagnostic label

Answer 37

identifies the impact of a condition on function at the level of the system and at the level of the whole person