Goniometry Flashcards
why measure AROM first?
- to see willingness to move
- quality of movement
- hesitation to move
- how far can move
do NOT need to do PROM if AROM is normal unless checking end feel
What ROM do you measure first?
AROM!!
gives sense of where pain is and at what point
active motion
allows for screening of abnormal movements, helps determine pt’s willingness to move
clues to level of coordination
clues to muscle strength & joint ROM
passive motion
-allows identification of the particular tissue that is limiting the motion
passive motion limited by
tissues around joint
muscle tone
quality of feel of movement
end feel quality
normal PROM is _________ greater than AROM
slightly!!
between 3-5 degrees
PT uses goniometric data to:
- presence or absence of impairment
- establish diagnosis
- develop prognosis, treatment goals, plan of care
- evaluate progress or lack of progress
- modify treatment
- motivate patient
- researching the effectiveness of various treatments
- fabrication of orthoses & adaptive equipment
hyperextension
any extension past normal ROM, can be measures but must start at neutral
end feel
the feeling experienced by the examiner as a barrier to further motion at the end of the available ROM - assists PT in identifying the structures involving in limiting further mortion
normal end feels
soft
firm
hard
soft end feel
soft tissue approximation (knee flexion)
firm end feels
muscular (SLR), capsular (MCP extension) or ligamentous (forearm supination), stretch/slight elastic feel
hard end feel
bone contacting bone (elbow extension)
abnormal end feels
soft
firm
hard
empty
abnormal soft end feel
from edema or synovitis, feels boggy
abnormal firm end feel
increased muscle tone, soft tissue shortening
abnormal hard end feel
chondromalacia, OA, loose bodies in a joint, fracture, bony block
abnormal empty end feel
no real end feel because pain gets in the way of motion, NO resistance is felt other than the pt’s protective holding of muscle spasm (acute joint inflammation, bursitis, abscess, fracture, psychogenic disorder)
hypomobility
decrease in PROM that is less than normal, end feel occurs earlier in ROM & may be different in quality than expected
hypermobility
increase PROM that exceeds normal values for the pt. Normal plane of motion but goes too far
angular mobility
hypomobility
increased mobility of a joint that exceeds normal values for the pt
occurs outside the normal arthrokinematics of that joint
linear mobility
capsular pattern
involves the entire joint capsule causing a particular pattern of restriction which involves all or most of the passive motions of the join, no fixed number of degrees lost but rather a proportion of one motion relative to another
