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z S1: Module > Patient Centered Care > Flashcards

Patient Centered Care Flashcards

1
Q

The study of abnormalities in bodily functions as a cause or result of disease

A

pathophysiology

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2
Q

The study of normal functions of the living organism and its parts

A

Physiology

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3
Q

Describes a condition when the cause is unknown

A

Idiopathic

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4
Q

The pharmacological treatment of a disorder

A

pharmacotherapy

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5
Q

The cause of a disease

A

Etiology

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6
Q

The number of cases of a disease that are newly diagnosed w/in a population during a specific period of time

A

Incidence (epidemiology)

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7
Q

The number of cases of a disease that are currently present w/in a population during a specific period of time

A

prevalence (epidemiology)

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8
Q

What are the three IV routes

A

peripheral IV (hand, arm, foot)
central IV (neck, groin, chest)
PICC (catheter in arm to large vessel)

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9
Q

IV that has a short half-life or narrow therapeutic range seen in ICUs

A

Continuous IV

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10
Q

This IV has a long half-life but can not be given IV push due to drug properties and has a smaller bag containing medication connected to the patient’s main IV line

A

IV piggyback

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11
Q

IV that has a long half life or can act quickly

A

IV push

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12
Q

What is the angle for an IM injection

A

90 degrees

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13
Q

What is the angle for a SQ injection

A

45 degrees

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14
Q

What is the angle for intradermal injection

A

10 degrees

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15
Q

What tube is flexible plastic inserted through the nose down into the stomach

A

NG

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16
Q

What is the tube that is inserted through the abdomen into the stomach

A

PEG

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17
Q

What is the tube inserted through the abdomen into the jejumum

A

J

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18
Q

What are urinary, texas, and PureWich catherters used for

A

Urinary: placed through urethra
texas: “condom” catheter for guys
PureWick: uses suction for women

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19
Q

What are the 5 components of the PPCP

A

collect
assess
plan
implement
follow-up

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20
Q

What are the three parts of describing a plan in PPCP

A

patient-centered, evidenced-based, cost-effective

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21
Q

Who should be included in implementing a plan in PPCP

A

the patient

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22
Q

IBW equation for male and female

A

male: 50+2.3(height-60)
female: 45.5+2.3(height-60)

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23
Q

Adjusted BW equation

A

IBW + 0.4(ABW-IBW)

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24
Q

What is the definition of a fever

A

> 100.4 over 1 hour
101 for any period of time

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25
Q

Conditions where fluid balance matters

A

heart failure, kidney failure, septic shock

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26
Q

Do rectal and tympanic temperatures raise or lower body temp? What about axillary and temporal?

A

rectal and tympanic: raise
axillary and temporal: lower

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27
Q

F to C conversion

A

C = (5 (F-32) ) / 9

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28
Q

C to F conversion

A

F = ( 9(C)/5 ) + 32

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29
Q

BP increases or decreases when patients stand up

A

decrease

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30
Q

Normal respiratory rate

A

12-16 breaths/minute

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31
Q

Pulse range

A

60-100 bpm

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32
Q

Fluids inside the cells

A

intracellular

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33
Q

fluids between cells and outside the blood

A

interstitial

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34
Q

includes intravascular and interstitial fluids

A

extracellular

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35
Q

includes intracellular and interstitial fluids

A

extravascular

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36
Q

What is this fluid measurement for: 100ml/kg

A

0-10 kg

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37
Q

What is this fluid measurement for: 1000ml + 50ml/kg

A

11-20 kg

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38
Q

What is this fluid measurement for: 1500 ml + 20ml/kg

A

> 20 kg

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39
Q

What are these tests included in: Na, Cl, K, CO2, SCr, BUN, blood glucose, Ca

A

Basic metabolic panel (BMP)

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40
Q

What are these tests included in: BMP + ASL, alk phos, bilirubin, albumin, total protein

A

Complete metabolic panel (CMP)

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41
Q

Chemistries not available on panel

A

Mg, phosphorous

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42
Q

Sodium:
location
used for

A

Natremia
extracellular
maintains normal extracellular fluid balance, muscle contraction, nerve function

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43
Q

What is the equation for correcting sodium

A

Na+ measured + (0.016(serum glucose-100))

44
Q

Potassium:
location
used for

A

kalemia
intracellular
maintains normal fluid balance, muscle contraction, nerve function

45
Q

Chloride:
location
used for

A

chloremia
extracellular
works with Na+ to regulate fluid balance, nerve function, pH balance

46
Q

Calcium:
location
used for

A

calcemia
extracellular
muscle contraction, nerve contraction, blood clotting, bone formation

47
Q

What does serum calcium represent

A

calcium bound to albumin + free (ionized) calcium

48
Q

What is the corrected calcium equation

A

ca2+ measured + (0.8(4-albumin measured))

49
Q

Glucose:
normal range

A

<110
glycemia

50
Q

Carbon Dioxide:
used for

A

it marks bicarbonate concentrations in the blood

51
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUD):
used for

A

measures urea, indicator of kidney function, elevated if patients have upper GI bleed

52
Q

Azotemia vs Uremia

A

Azotemia: retention of nitrogenous waste products resulting of acute kidney injury
Uremia: retention of nitrogenous waste products leading to multiorgan system dysfunction (from chronic kidney ijury)

53
Q

How to find BUN ratio

A

do BUN to SCr
10:1 primary renal failure
20:1 decreased blood flow to kidney

54
Q

Creatinine (SCr):
used for

A

byproduct of muscle/protein metabolism

55
Q

What are the two methods of calculating CrCl

A

24-hour urine collection calculation:
((urine creatinine)*(urine volume)/time)/serum creatinine

Cockcroft-gault method:
((140-age)(IBW) / (72)(SCr))
*0.85 if female

56
Q

Anion gap:
used for
equation

A

identify acid/base imbalance
represents number of unmeasured anions in the blood
(Na+)-(Cl- + HCO3+)

57
Q

Osmolality:
equation
used for

A

number of particles in 1 kg of solution
2(Na+)+(BUN/2.8)+(BG/18)

58
Q

What is an osmole gap and what is the equation to calculate it

A

indicates there are unmeasured, osmotically active particles present in the blood
osmole gap = actual - estimated osmolality

59
Q

Albumin:
used for

A

most abundant protein in the blood
bind to drugs

60
Q

Phosphorus:
used for

A

phosphatemia
bone/tooth formation, DNA/RNA formation, ATP & cell functioning

61
Q

Calcium-phosphorus product

A

high calcium-phosphate product may lead to precipitation in the body
calcium-phosphate product = (Ca2+)(PO4 3-)
Concerned for calcification when product is >55

62
Q

Magnesium:
location
used for

A

magnesemia
maintain muscle and nerve function, support energy production

63
Q

What are these apart of:
Aspartate aminotransferase
Alanine aminotransferase
Alkaline phosphatase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Gamma glutamyltransferase

A

LFTs

64
Q

What is the indicator of liver disease

A

+ alk phos
+ GGT

65
Q

What is the indicator of bone disease

A

+ alk phos
normal GGT

66
Q

Child-pugh score

A

scale that describes the level of liver dysfunction
indicates need for drug dosage modification
components: bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin time, ascites, ammonia

67
Q

Glycosylated hemoglobin:
range
function

A

< 5.7%
the percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose bound to it
HgbAlC represents ~3 months

68
Q

AGB ranges:
pH
PaCO3
PaO2
HCO3

A

pH: 7.35-7.45
PaCO2: 35-45 mmHg
PaO2: 90-100 mmHg
HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L

69
Q

Metabolic acidosis/alkalosis indicator
Respiratory acidosis/alkalosis indicator

A

Metabolic: HCO3
Respiratory: PaCO2

70
Q

What are these tests included in: RBC, WBC, PLT, Hgb, Hct, RBC indices

A

Complete blood count: CBC

71
Q

What are these tests included in: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

A

Differential (diff)

72
Q

Blood formation/destruction

A

spongy substance found in center of bones
forms RBC, PLT, WBC

73
Q

Lymphatic system

A

part of immune system
defends against infection
lymph

74
Q

Reticuloendothelial system

A

aka macrophage system
cells w/in major organs have phagocytosis

75
Q

Whole blood is composed of ____, _____, _____, ______

A

RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma

76
Q

What type of blood is used for CMP/BMP/Chem

A

plasma and serum

77
Q

What type of blood is used for CBC

A

whole blood

78
Q

What type of blood is used for clotting factors

A

plasma

79
Q

WBC (white blood cells)

A

high: leukocytosis
low: leukopenia
defend the body against infections and foreign materials

80
Q

HgB (hemoglobin)

A

binds and carries the oxygen that RBC are responsible for transporting throughout the body

81
Q

Hct (hematocrit)

A

the percentage of RBC in the blood

82
Q

MCV (mean corpuscular volume)

A

low: microcytic
high: macrocytic
MCV calculated if not provided in the CBC

83
Q

MCV (mean corpuscular volume) equation

A

MCV=(Hct%*10)/RBC

84
Q

RDW (red cell distribution width)

A

RDW>15%-Anisocytosis
measurement of range differences in volume and size of RBC, high RDW indicates a high amount of variation btw cells

85
Q

RBC: (red blood cells)
high/low
function
lifespan

A

high: erythrocytosis/polycythemia
low: erthrocytopenia/anemia
carry oxygen to different parts of the body
lifespan is 120 days

86
Q

Reticulocyte count:
nomenclature
function

A

High is reticulocytosis
immature red blood cells

87
Q

MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin)
function
equation

A

the amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell
MCH=(Hgb*10)/RBC

88
Q

MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)
nomenclature
function
equation

A

low: hypochromic
high: hyperchromic
volume of RBC that is occupied by hemoglobin (mass/volume), describes the color of RBC
MCHC=(MCH*100)/MCV

89
Q

Platelets:
nomenclature
function
lifespan

A

low: thrombocytopenia
high: thrombocytosis
function: initiate hemostasis to prevent or stop bleeding
lifespan 10 days

90
Q

neutrophils:
range
interpretations

A

40-60%
segs or PMN
ANC
(seg% + band %) *WBC

91
Q

bands:
range
interpretations

A

0-5%
infection (bacterial)

92
Q

Lymphocytes:
range
interpretations

A

20-40%
infection (viral)

93
Q

Monocytes:
range
interpretations

A

4-8%
various infections and chronic inflammatory diseases

94
Q

Eosinophils:
range
interpretations

A

1-3%
allergic reaction or parasitic infection

95
Q

Basophils:
range
interpretations

A

0-1%
allergic reactions and myeloproliferative diseases (including some leukemias)

96
Q

Iron:
function

A

used to form hemoglobin (protein in RBC that transports oxygen)

97
Q

Ferritin:
function

A

intracellular protein that binds and stores iron
surrogate measure of the amount of iron that is stored in the body

98
Q

TSAT (transferrin saturation)

A

extracellular protein that binds and trasnports iron in the body

99
Q

TSAT equation

A

TSAT = (Fe/TIBC)*100

100
Q

TIBC (total iron binding capacity)

A

an estimate of the amount of transferrin available to bind to iron

101
Q

Folic Acid (Vit B9)

A

DNA/RNA synthesis, protein metabolism for effective erythropoiesis, important in early pregnancy for preventing of neural tube defects

102
Q

Vit B-12

A

aka: cyanocobalamin
DNA/RNA synthesis, protein metabolism for effective erythropoiesis

103
Q

PT (prothrombin time)
function
monitor of what drug

A

time it takes to form a clot in a blood sample, coagulation pathways
helps monitor warfarin

104
Q

aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)
function
monitor of what drug

A

form a blood clot, coagulation pathways, helps monitor heparin

105
Q

anti-factor Xa level

A

clotting factor inhibited by specific anticoagulants
indirect measurement of the activity of heparin and low molecular weight heparin

z S1: Module (8 decks)

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