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z S1: Module > Patient Centered Care > Flashcards

Patient Centered Care Flashcards

1
Q

The study of abnormalities in bodily functions as a cause or result of disease

A

pathophysiology

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2
Q

The study of normal functions of the living organism and its parts

A

Physiology

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3
Q

Describes a condition when the cause is unknown

A

Idiopathic

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4
Q

The pharmacological treatment of a disorder

A

pharmacotherapy

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5
Q

The cause of a disease

A

Etiology

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6
Q

The number of cases of a disease that are newly diagnosed w/in a population during a specific period of time

A

Incidence (epidemiology)

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7
Q

The number of cases of a disease that are currently present w/in a population during a specific period of time

A

prevalence (epidemiology)

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8
Q

What are the three IV routes

A

peripheral IV (hand, arm, foot)
central IV (neck, groin, chest)
PICC (catheter in arm to large vessel)

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9
Q

IV that has a short half-life or narrow therapeutic range seen in ICUs

A

Continuous IV

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10
Q

This IV has a long half-life but can not be given IV push due to drug properties and has a smaller bag containing medication connected to the patient’s main IV line

A

IV piggyback

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11
Q

IV that has a long half life or can act quickly

A

IV push

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12
Q

What is the angle for an IM injection

A

90 degrees

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13
Q

What is the angle for a SQ injection

A

45 degrees

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14
Q

What is the angle for intradermal injection

A

10 degrees

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15
Q

What tube is flexible plastic inserted through the nose down into the stomach

A

NG

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16
Q

What is the tube that is inserted through the abdomen into the stomach

A

PEG

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17
Q

What is the tube inserted through the abdomen into the jejumum

A

J

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18
Q

What are urinary, texas, and PureWich catherters used for

A

Urinary: placed through urethra
texas: “condom” catheter for guys
PureWick: uses suction for women

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19
Q

What are the 5 components of the PPCP

A

collect
assess
plan
implement
follow-up

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20
Q

What are the three parts of describing a plan in PPCP

A

patient-centered, evidenced-based, cost-effective

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21
Q

Who should be included in implementing a plan in PPCP

A

the patient

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22
Q

IBW equation for male and female

A

male: 50+2.3(height-60)
female: 45.5+2.3(height-60)

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23
Q

Adjusted BW equation

A

IBW + 0.4(ABW-IBW)

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24
Q

What is the definition of a fever

A

> 100.4 over 1 hour
101 for any period of time

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25
Conditions where fluid balance matters
heart failure, kidney failure, septic shock
26
Do rectal and tympanic temperatures raise or lower body temp? What about axillary and temporal?
rectal and tympanic: raise axillary and temporal: lower
27
F to C conversion
C = (5 (F-32) ) / 9
28
C to F conversion
F = ( 9(C)/5 ) + 32
29
BP increases or decreases when patients stand up
decrease
30
Normal respiratory rate
12-16 breaths/minute
31
Pulse range
60-100 bpm
32
Fluids inside the cells
intracellular
33
fluids between cells and outside the blood
interstitial
34
includes intravascular and interstitial fluids
extracellular
35
includes intracellular and interstitial fluids
extravascular
36
What is this fluid measurement for: 100ml/kg
0-10 kg
37
What is this fluid measurement for: 1000ml + 50ml/kg
11-20 kg
38
What is this fluid measurement for: 1500 ml + 20ml/kg
>20 kg
39
What are these tests included in: Na, Cl, K, CO2, SCr, BUN, blood glucose, Ca
Basic metabolic panel (BMP)
40
What are these tests included in: BMP + ASL, alk phos, bilirubin, albumin, total protein
Complete metabolic panel (CMP)
41
Chemistries not available on panel
Mg, phosphorous
42
Sodium: location used for
Natremia extracellular maintains normal extracellular fluid balance, muscle contraction, nerve function
43
What is the equation for correcting sodium
Na+ measured + (0.016(serum glucose-100))
44
Potassium: location used for
kalemia intracellular maintains normal fluid balance, muscle contraction, nerve function
45
Chloride: location used for
chloremia extracellular works with Na+ to regulate fluid balance, nerve function, pH balance
46
Calcium: location used for
calcemia extracellular muscle contraction, nerve contraction, blood clotting, bone formation
47
What does serum calcium represent
calcium bound to albumin + free (ionized) calcium
48
What is the corrected calcium equation
ca2+ measured + (0.8(4-albumin measured))
49
Glucose: normal range
<110 glycemia
50
Carbon Dioxide: used for
it marks bicarbonate concentrations in the blood
51
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUD): used for
measures urea, indicator of kidney function, elevated if patients have upper GI bleed
52
Azotemia vs Uremia
Azotemia: retention of nitrogenous waste products resulting of acute kidney injury Uremia: retention of nitrogenous waste products leading to multiorgan system dysfunction (from chronic kidney ijury)
53
How to find BUN ratio
do BUN to SCr 10:1 primary renal failure 20:1 decreased blood flow to kidney
54
Creatinine (SCr): used for
byproduct of muscle/protein metabolism
55
What are the two methods of calculating CrCl
24-hour urine collection calculation: ((urine creatinine)*(urine volume)/time)/serum creatinine Cockcroft-gault method: ((140-age)(IBW) / (72)(SCr)) *0.85 if female
56
Anion gap: used for equation
identify acid/base imbalance represents number of unmeasured anions in the blood (Na+)-(Cl- + HCO3+)
57
Osmolality: equation used for
number of particles in 1 kg of solution 2(Na+)+(BUN/2.8)+(BG/18)
58
What is an osmole gap and what is the equation to calculate it
indicates there are unmeasured, osmotically active particles present in the blood osmole gap = actual - estimated osmolality
59
Albumin: used for
most abundant protein in the blood bind to drugs
60
Phosphorus: used for
phosphatemia bone/tooth formation, DNA/RNA formation, ATP & cell functioning
61
Calcium-phosphorus product
high calcium-phosphate product may lead to precipitation in the body calcium-phosphate product = (Ca2+)(PO4 3-) Concerned for calcification when product is >55
62
Magnesium: location used for
magnesemia maintain muscle and nerve function, support energy production
63
What are these apart of: Aspartate aminotransferase Alanine aminotransferase Alkaline phosphatase Lactate dehydrogenase Gamma glutamyltransferase
LFTs
64
What is the indicator of liver disease
+ alk phos + GGT
65
What is the indicator of bone disease
+ alk phos normal GGT
66
Child-pugh score
scale that describes the level of liver dysfunction indicates need for drug dosage modification components: bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin time, ascites, ammonia
67
Glycosylated hemoglobin: range function
< 5.7% the percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose bound to it HgbAlC represents ~3 months
68
AGB ranges: pH PaCO3 PaO2 HCO3
pH: 7.35-7.45 PaCO2: 35-45 mmHg PaO2: 90-100 mmHg HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L
69
Metabolic acidosis/alkalosis indicator Respiratory acidosis/alkalosis indicator
Metabolic: HCO3 Respiratory: PaCO2
70
What are these tests included in: RBC, WBC, PLT, Hgb, Hct, RBC indices
Complete blood count: CBC
71
What are these tests included in: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
Differential (diff)
72
Blood formation/destruction
spongy substance found in center of bones forms RBC, PLT, WBC
73
Lymphatic system
part of immune system defends against infection lymph
74
Reticuloendothelial system
aka macrophage system cells w/in major organs have phagocytosis
75
Whole blood is composed of ____, _____, _____, ______
RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma
76
What type of blood is used for CMP/BMP/Chem
plasma and serum
77
What type of blood is used for CBC
whole blood
78
What type of blood is used for clotting factors
plasma
79
WBC (white blood cells)
high: leukocytosis low: leukopenia defend the body against infections and foreign materials
80
HgB (hemoglobin)
binds and carries the oxygen that RBC are responsible for transporting throughout the body
81
Hct (hematocrit)
the percentage of RBC in the blood
82
MCV (mean corpuscular volume)
low: microcytic high: macrocytic MCV calculated if not provided in the CBC
83
MCV (mean corpuscular volume) equation
MCV=(Hct%*10)/RBC
84
RDW (red cell distribution width)
RDW>15%-Anisocytosis measurement of range differences in volume and size of RBC, high RDW indicates a high amount of variation btw cells
85
RBC: (red blood cells) high/low function lifespan
high: erythrocytosis/polycythemia low: erthrocytopenia/anemia carry oxygen to different parts of the body lifespan is 120 days
86
Reticulocyte count: nomenclature function
High is reticulocytosis immature red blood cells
87
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) function equation
the amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell MCH=(Hgb*10)/RBC
88
MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) nomenclature function equation
low: hypochromic high: hyperchromic volume of RBC that is occupied by hemoglobin (mass/volume), describes the color of RBC MCHC=(MCH*100)/MCV
89
Platelets: nomenclature function lifespan
low: thrombocytopenia high: thrombocytosis function: initiate hemostasis to prevent or stop bleeding lifespan 10 days
90
neutrophils: range interpretations
40-60% segs or PMN ANC (seg% + band %) *WBC
91
bands: range interpretations
0-5% infection (bacterial)
92
Lymphocytes: range interpretations
20-40% infection (viral)
93
Monocytes: range interpretations
4-8% various infections and chronic inflammatory diseases
94
Eosinophils: range interpretations
1-3% allergic reaction or parasitic infection
95
Basophils: range interpretations
0-1% allergic reactions and myeloproliferative diseases (including some leukemias)
96
Iron: function
used to form hemoglobin (protein in RBC that transports oxygen)
97
Ferritin: function
intracellular protein that binds and stores iron surrogate measure of the amount of iron that is stored in the body
98
TSAT (transferrin saturation)
extracellular protein that binds and trasnports iron in the body
99
TSAT equation
TSAT = (Fe/TIBC)*100
100
TIBC (total iron binding capacity)
an estimate of the amount of transferrin available to bind to iron
101
Folic Acid (Vit B9)
DNA/RNA synthesis, protein metabolism for effective erythropoiesis, important in early pregnancy for preventing of neural tube defects
102
Vit B-12
aka: cyanocobalamin DNA/RNA synthesis, protein metabolism for effective erythropoiesis
103
PT (prothrombin time) function monitor of what drug
time it takes to form a clot in a blood sample, coagulation pathways helps monitor warfarin
104
aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) function monitor of what drug
form a blood clot, coagulation pathways, helps monitor heparin
105
anti-factor Xa level
clotting factor inhibited by specific anticoagulants indirect measurement of the activity of heparin and low molecular weight heparin

z S1: Module (8 decks)

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