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Patient Care & Radiation Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Hematocrit (HCT)

A

35% - 50%

Males are generally higher

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2
Q

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

A

Males 14 - 17 g/dL

Females 12-15 g/dL

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3
Q

Platelets (Plt)

A

140,000 - 440,000 platelets per microliter

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4
Q

Prothrombin Time (PT)

A

12 - 15 sec

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5
Q

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

A

25 - 35 sec

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6
Q

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

A

0.8 - 1.2

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7
Q

Body Temperature

A
  1. 7 - 99.5 deg F

36. 5 - 37.5 deg C

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8
Q

Pulse

A

60 - 100 bpm

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9
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Systolic 100 - 120 mm Hg

Diastolic 60 - 80 mm Hg

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10
Q

Respirations

A

12 - 20 breaths/min

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11
Q

Pulse Oximetry

A

95% - 100%

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12
Q

P wave

A

Electrical activity through the atria (atrial systole)

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13
Q

QRS complex

A

Movement of electrical impulses through the ventricles (ventricular systole)

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14
Q

ST segment

A

When ventricle is contracting but no electricity is flowing through it

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15
Q

T wave

A

When the ventricles are resetting electrically and preparing for the next muscle contraction (complete diastole)

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16
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

7 - 25 mg/dL

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17
Q

Creatinine

A

0.5 - 1.5 mg/dL

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18
Q

eGFR

A

90 - 120 mL/min

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19
Q

Radiation in Air - Exposure

A

C/kg or R

Ability of x-rays to ionize a volume of air

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20
Q

Radiation in Air - Air Kerma

A

mGy

Amount of radiation absorbed in a quantity of air

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21
Q

Absorbed Dose (D)

A

D = Joules/kilogram

Gy or mGy

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22
Q

Equivalent Dose (EqD)

A

EqD = D x Wr

Sv or mSv

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23
Q

Effective Dose (EfD)

A

EfD = D x Wr x Wt

Sv or mSv

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24
Q

CTDI

A

mGy

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25
Q

DLP (Helical)

A

CTDI x scan length

mGy-cm

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26
Q

Patient appears drowsy but can be aroused

A

Lethargic

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27
Q

Patient is in a more depressed level of consciousness and may not easily be aroused from a state of confusion

A

Obtunded

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28
Q

State of near unresponsiveness (semicomatose)

29
Q

Patient is completely unresponsive to stimuli

30
Q

Pulse rate for children

A

70 - 120 bpm

31
Q

Preferred bpm for optimal heart imaging

32
Q

Ataxia

A

Loss of muscle coordination

33
Q

Respirations for children

A

20 - 30 breaths/min

34
Q

Nasal cannula / Mask

A

1 - 5 LPM / +6 LPM

35
Q

BUN / creatinine ratio

A

6:1 to 22:1

36
Q

GFR

A

70 +- 14 mL/min/m2 for men

60 +- 10 mL/min/m2 for women

37
Q

Medical reconciliation

A

Process of reviewing patient’s medical record at all points of care

38
Q

Medication record should include:

A

Name, dosage, frequency, and route

39
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin)

A

Anticoagulant

40
Q

Metformin (Glucophage)

A

Should not take before and up to 2 days after exam

41
Q

RCM through GI tract

A

30 - 90 min

42
Q

Neutral contrast agent

43
Q

Serum iodine concentration

A

2 - 8 mg/mL

44
Q

Filtration

A

6 - 9 mm aluminum (Al) or equivalent

45
Q

Ability of the detector to capture transmitted x-ray quanta and produce the appropriate response

A

Inherent absorption efficiency

46
Q

The spatial arrangement of detector elements, including the amount of interspace material required between adjacent elements

A

Geometric efficiency

47
Q

Section of patient exposed to radiation

A

Dose profile

48
Q

CTDIvol

A

CTDIw / pitch

49
Q

MSAD (Axial)

A

T/I x CTDI

50
Q

MSAD (Helical)

A

CTDI / pitch

51
Q

DLP (Axial)

A

MSAD x slice width (cm) x number of slices in scan volume

52
Q

Medication for sedation (anxiolytic)

A

Benzodiazepines

  • Midazolam
  • Diazepam
  • Lorazepam
  • Clonazepam

Selective serotonine inhibitors

  • Paroxetine
  • Seratraline
  • Fluoxetine
  • Escitalopram
53
Q

Medication for analgesia

A
  • Fentanyl
  • Hydromorphone
  • Morphine
54
Q

Ionic contrast media

A
  • Iothalamate meglumine
  • Diatrizoate sodium
  • Metrizoate
  • Ioxaglate
55
Q

Nonionic contrast media

A
  • Iohexol
  • Iopamidol
  • Iopromide
  • Iodixanol
  • Ioversol
56
Q

Overranging or z-axis overscanning

A

Applying radiation dose before and after the acquisition volume to ensure sufficient data collection for the interpolation algorithms of helical CT reconstruction

57
Q

Mild reactions to contrast

A
  • Mild urticaria (hives)
  • Mild cutaneous edema (swelling)
  • Nasal stuffiness/sneezing
  • Scratchy/itchy throat
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Pronounced sensation of warmth and/or flushing
  • Sweats/chills
  • Anxiety
  • Altered taste
  • Mild hypertension
  • Transient vasovagal reaction
58
Q

Moderate reactions to contrast

A
  • Moderate to severe urticaria
  • Diffuse erythema
  • Facial edema
  • Tightening throat, hoarse voice
  • Wheezing
  • Moderate to severe nausea and vomiting
  • Vasovagal response requiring treatment
  • Tachycardia from hypotension
  • Chest pain
59
Q

Severe reactions to contrast

A
  • Facial, laryngeal, and/or PE
  • Anaphylactic shock
  • Severe erythema
  • Profound hypotension
  • Severe wheezing and/or bronchospasm
  • Cardiac arrhythmia
  • Seizure
  • Severe hypertension
  • Cardiopulmonary arrest
  • Death
60
Q

Common delayed reactions to contrast

A
  • Urticaria (hives)
  • Pruritus (itchiness)
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Drowsiness
  • Headache
  • Fever/chills
    (Cutaneous reactions are most common and can occur within 3 hours to 7 days after contrast)
61
Q

Risk factors for CIN

A
  • Preexisting renal function and hydration level
  • Diabetes
  • Myeloma
  • Advanced age
  • Cardiovascular disease
62
Q

Risk factors for adverse reaction to iodinated contrast

A
  • Asthma
  • Environmental and/or food allergies
  • Renal disease
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Sickle cell disease
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Significant cardiac disease
  • Anxiety
63
Q

Contraindications to IV iodinated contrast

A
  • Allergy to iodine
  • Prior severe allergic reaction to an iodinated contrast agent
  • Renal insufficiency/failure
64
Q

Parenteral routes

A
  • Intramuscular
  • Intravenous
  • Intradermal
  • Subcutaneous
65
Q

Used for bradycardia during vagal reaction

66
Q

Bronchodilator

A

Epinephrine (Adrenalin)

67
Q

Medicine for severe anaphylactoid reactions

A

Epinephrine and Diphenhydramine

68
Q

INR is calculated to standardize:

69
Q

Inherent filtration of x-ray tube used in a CT system typically amounts to equivalent thickness of:

CT Registry (4 decks)

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