Patient Care Flashcards
1
Q
- What must tech do prior to an exam?
- Why?
- How is this done?
A
- Ensure complete patient history
- Assist in diagnosis, document sxs & ROI, Identify recent procedures surgeries and traumas
- Allow patient to provide history in their own words.
Avoid questions l may lead
Practice active listening
Repeat the information back
2
Q
- When is communication important?
- Why? - Contrast side effects?
- Do you give instructions before, during or after exam
A
- Communication must take place prior to, during, and after the exam.
- ensure patient compliant, = higher quality exams - metal taste in mouth, warm sensation, feeling of urination
- ALL
- Before = consent / explain
- During = ensure compliant
- After = Clear & Understand
3
Q
- Informed Consent Includes;
- When is implied consent used?
- What are positioning aides used for?
- Examples?
A
- Explaining the procedure, its benefits, and risks in a way that is easy to understand.
- Answering patient questions before the procedure is started.
- Obtaining the patient/legal guardian signature on a consent form. - Patient can’t consent / assume they would
- Reduce motion / ensure good images
- Straps, head holder, cushions
4
Q
- Breath holds are used for what?
- Is tape used for immobilization?
- Wheelchair Transfer Steps:
A
- Reduce motion of breathing during image
- NO
- STRONG close table,
Lock Breaks,
Tech face patient,
Patient stand & pivot to table
5
Q
- Strong or Weak side closer to patient?
- How does tech assist in wheelchair transfer?
- Cart Transfer Steps:
A
- STRONG
- FACE PATIENT / Help Pivot
- Table & Bed level
- Sliding mat or board used
- Locked Breaks
- 1 tech each side
- Remove board after each transfer
6
Q
- What should be done BEFORE patient goes on to table?
- Normal patient appears:
- First signs of abnormality:
A
- Table & Stretcher Locked
- Proper patient prep / dressed
- Asses patient see their abilities
- Use cushions for patient comfort - Awake, Alert, & Responsive
- Lethargy, Stupor, Unconscious
7
Q
- Vitals to be monitored:
- What is the cardiac cycle?
- Determines? - How is Cardiac Cycle Monitored?
A
- Temp, Pulse, Blood Pressure, & Respiration
- way in which the heart beats and moves blood through the body is known as the cardiac cycle.
- frequency of cycle determines the heart rate. - electrocardiogram (ECG). An ECG produces a graph of the patient’s heart activity.
8
Q
- What is ECG?
- Monitors what? - Average Body Temp?
- Normal Adult Pulse?
- Child?
A
- electrocardiogram (ECG). An ECG produces a graph of the patient’s heart activity / heart rate
- 97.7 - 99.5 F
- Adult = 60-100 BPM
Children = 70-120 BPM
9
Q
- Normal Blood Pressure?
- Top Number = ________
- Means: - Bottom Number = ________
- Means:
A
- 120/80 (Systolic over diastolic)
- LESS THAN 120
- LESS THAN 80 - Systolic
- Pressure in arteries as heart beats - Diastolic
- Pressure against arterial walls as heart rests
10
Q
- Hypotension means?
- Hypertension? - Normal Repiration Rate?
- How monitored? - Where is above monitor placed?
A
- Hypo = low
- Hyper = High - 95-100%
Adult = 12-20 BPM
Child = 20-30 BPM
- Use of pulse ox / measured blood oxygen levels - EARLOBE FINGER OR TOE
11
Q
- Heart contraction =
- Heart Relax / Resting = - Stages of Cardiac Cycle:
- Name
- What Occurs
- ECG Corresponds
A
- Systolic
- Diastolic - Atrial Systole = Contract R & L Atria
- P Wave
- Ventricle Systole = Contract R & L Ventricle
- QRS
- Complete Cardiac Diastole = Atrial & Ventric Heart Rest
- T
12
Q
- ECG WAVES:
- T =
- P=
- QRS= - Monitoring Cardiac Cycle used in what exam?
- Why? - Desired part of cycle for these exams?
A
- T = Distole, P= Atrial Systolic, QRS= Ventricle Systolic
- Cardiac CT
- Reduce motion - Diastole / Rest / T
13
Q
- Desired HR for Cardiac Exams?
- What can help achieve this HR?
- Type of scanners needed for Cardiac Exams?
A
- 65 BPM or lower
- Beta Blockers
- 65 Slices or Higher
14
Q
- Beta Blockers used for?
- Nitcroglycerin used for?
- Oxygen measured in?
A
- Lower HR
- Sublingual med to dilate coronary vessels
- Liters Per Minute LPM
15
Q
1 Types of oxygen administration?
- LPM for each?
- How is oxygen stored?
- What is mechanical ventilator?
- Functions?
A
- Nasal Cannula = 1-5LPM
- Nonrebreather / Mask = 6LPM+ - Gas or Liquid
- Replace function oxygen and co2 exchange at steady rate
16
Q
- Hypoxia vs Hypoxemia?
- Where is chest tube placed?
- function & restore pressure (USED FOR PNUEMOTHORAX) - What is in-dwelling catheter?
- Example?
A
- Hypoxia = insufficient oxygen in TISSUE
- Hypoxemia = insufficient oxygen in ARTERIAL BLOOD - intraplueral space
- drain fluid - Replace function
- Urinary catheter
17
Q
- What is something placed in patient to replace a function?
- What condition may a chest tube cure/help?
- ___A____ = insufficient oxygen in TISSUE
- _____B____ = insufficient oxygen in ARTERIAL BLOOD
A
- in dwelling catheters
- Pnuemothorax / restore pressure and remove fluid
- Hypoxia = tissue
- Hypoxemia = arterial blood
18
Q
- Foley vs Straight Cath?
- Where is drainage bag kept?
- Why? - A patient’s renal function is indicated by the levels of:
A
- Both for urinary function / In Dwelling
Foley has balloon / in place longer
Straight no balloon / temp use - Below patient to prevent back flow
- blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine present
19
Q
Common Lab Values Chart
1. BUN =
Creatinine =
PT (Prothrombin Time) =
PTT (Partial thromboplastin time) =
INR (International Normalized Ratio) =
Platelet Count =
A
Common Lab Values Chart
1. BUN 8-22mg/dL
Creatinine 0.6-1.2mg/dL
PT (Prothrombin Time) 11-16 seconds
PTT (Partial thromboplastin time) 25-38 seconds
INR (International Normalized Ratio) 0.8-1.2
Platelet Count 150,000-350,000µL
20
Q
- Is creatine or BUN sufficient by itself for renal function evaluation?
- A more accurate measure of renal function is:
- Two types?
A
1 CREATINE
- BUN IS NOT
- GFR (Glomerular filtration rate).
- eGFR (estimated GFR) is an estimation of the rate in which the bloodstream filters creatinine.
21
Q
- Is creatine or BUN sufficient by itself for renal function evaluation?
- A more accurate measure of renal function is:
- Two types? - Average BUN level?
- Creatine?
A
1 CREATINE
- BUN IS NOT
- GFR (Glomerular filtration rate).
- eGFR (estimated GFR) is an estimation of the rate in which the bloodstream filters creatinine. - BUN = 8-22 mg
- Creatine = .6 - 1.2
22
Q
- What is GFR eGFR?
- Factors to calculate eGFR?
- Normal GFR Range?
- Abnormal?
A
- estimated GFR is an estimation of the rate in which the bloodstream filters creatinine.
- Creatine + Patient Age/Sex/Race
- Greater than 90 but usually >60
- Abnormal is below 60
23
Q
- How is blood coagulation measured?
- Normal Calue? - What is INR?
- How does it work? - Normal INR?
A
- Prothrombin Time
- 11-16 sec - international normalized ratio
- is calculated to help standardize PT results.
- PT time compared to control in ratio form - .8-1.2
24
Q
- Blood Clotting Abnormalities monitored by?
- Normal Level? - Clotting abilities determined by?
- Normal level? - Elevated D Dimer indicates?
- CT to help dx?
A
- PTT (Partial thromboplastin time).
- 25 to 38 seconds is normal range for clotting time. - platelet count.
150,000-350,000µL of blood is normal platelet count. - blood clot / DVT
- Pulmonary Angiography
25
Q
- What is patient’s medication record reviewed during admission, imaging procedures, as well as at discharge referred to as?
- What must be present on medication record?
- Explain Metformin & IV CONTRAST interaction?
A
- medication reconciliation.
- Dosage
Patient name
Frequency
Method of administration - NOT CONTRAINDICATED
- Just indicates they may be high risk for contrast induced nephropothy