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Pathology Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is a Gliomas?
    - Come From?
  2. How are Gliomas classified?
  3. What is Astrocytoma?
A
  1. Primary form of brain tumor.
    - arise from glial cells
    They can be further classified
  2. by the cells from which they arise.
  3. Common derivative of gliomas
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2
Q
  1. How do Astrocytoma appear on image?
  2. Why CT Brain done w/ contrast?
  3. What is an aneurysm?
    - Common locations?
A
  1. Astrocytoma = areas of low attenuation, with displacement of the midline.
  2. to be able to delineate the tumor from the surrounding tissue.
  3. An aneurysm = localized dilation and weakening of an arterial wall.
    - thoracic or abdominal aorta
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3
Q
  1. What appears as areas of low attenuation, with displacement of the midline in CT Brain?
  2. What can be found in the medial layer and is associated with turbulent blood flow, from a bifurcation, or from an atheroma?
  3. What is localized dilation and weakening of an arterial wall.
A
  1. Astrocytoma
  2. Aneurysm
  3. Aneurysm
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4
Q
  1. Aneurysm shape is based on?
  2. Aneurysm defect is found?
  3. Causes of Aneurysm:
A
  1. A. different shapes depending on how it develops
  2. in medial layer and is associated with turbulent blood flow, from a bifurcation, or from an atheroma
  3. Trauma, atherosclerosis, syphilis, congenital defects, and hypertension
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5
Q
  1. Aortic aneurysms are typically imaged in what phase?
    - Why?
  2. Two types of strokes:
  3. Stoke Protocol is what type of CT?
A
  1. ARTERIAL PHASE
    - Aneurysms occur in any artery
  2. Ischemic & Hemmorrhagic
  3. CT brain without &/or CTA Head
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6
Q
  1. Which strokes occur when a vessel in the brain ruptures and bleeds into the brain
  2. What is a condition that sometimes can be detected as palpable pulsating masses with bruits.
  3. Which stroke arise when a vessel in the brain develops a blood clot, and blood flow is reduced?
A
  1. Hemorrhagic
  2. Abdominal aneurysms
  3. Ishemic
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7
Q
  1. How may Ischemic strokes be diagnosed?
  2. What is an Ischemic stroke?
  3. What can occur from Ischemic?
A
  1. use of CT Head without contrast and/or a CTA Head
  2. arise when a vessel in the brain develops a blood clot, and blood flow is reduced.
  3. If blood flow to brain is reduced for a long period of time, an area of infarction may develop.
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8
Q
  1. When might an infarction develop?
  2. What is Hemorrhagic stroke?
  3. Symptoms of Hemorrhagic stroke?
A
  1. Blood flow to part of brain is reduced / stop
    - ISCHEMIC STROKES
  2. strokes occur when a vessel in the brain ruptures and bleeds into the brain
  3. usually rapid and are preceded by an intense headache
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9
Q
  1. What type of stroke is usually rapid and are preceded by an intense headache
  2. What is a collection of blood that collects as a result of a ruptured vessel
  3. What is an excessive collection of CSF fluid within the ventricles of the brain?
A
  1. Hemorrhagic Stroke
  2. Hematomas
  3. Hydrocephalus
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10
Q
  1. Hemorrhage Stroke CT Protocol?
  2. How does it appear on image?
  3. What is a Hematoma?
    - Results In?
A
  1. Brain without contrast
  2. blood from ruptured vessel will appear denser than the surrounding brain tissue
  3. a collection of blood that collects as a result of a ruptured vessel
    - pressure on brain tissue and an increase in intracranial pressure
    - distention of ventricles of brain and atrophy of brain tissue
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11
Q
  1. What is Hydrocephalus?
    - Causes?
  2. Hydrocephalus can lead to/result in:
  3. What is Spondylosis?
A
  1. An excessive collection of CSF fluid within the ventricles of the brain
    - flow of CSF fluid through brain is obstructed, or if an increase amount of CSF produced
  2. distension of the ventricles of the brain and atrophy of brain tissue
  3. Spondylosis– occurs when there is hypertrophy of the facets of a vertebra.
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12
Q
  1. What is result if flow of CSF fluid through brain is obstructed, or if an increase amount of CSF produced?
  2. What is Spondylolysis
  3. What is Spondylolisthesis
A
  1. Hydrocephalus
  2. occurs when there is damage to the pars interarticularis of a vertebra.
  3. occurs when an upper vertebral body slips over a lower vertebral body.
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13
Q
  1. How remember the different Spondys?
  2. Causes of Herniated Discs?
  3. What is a Herniated Disc?
A
  1. LOSIS = Hypertrophy Facet
    LOLYSIS = Damage Pars
    LOLITHESIS = Upper Slips Over Lower
  2. Degenerative disease or trauma.
  3. Result of the nucleus pulposus pushing through a weakened annulus fibrosus, which results in the nucleus pulposus putting pressure on the spinal cord
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14
Q
  1. What’s result of the nucleus pulposus pushing through a weakened annulus fibrosus & putting pressure on spinal cord?
  2. What is the nonaeration or collapse of a lung or part of a lung?
  3. What is a lung infection that is often caused by bacteria, viruses, or mycoplasmas?
A
  1. Herniated Disc
  2. Atelectasis
  3. Pneumonia
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15
Q
  1. What CT may diagnose Herniated Disc?
  2. What is Atelectasis?
  3. Where does Atectasis begin?
A
  1. Myelogram
  2. is the nonaeration or collapse of a lung or part of a lung
  3. Alveoli
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16
Q
  1. When can occur if Atelectasis is not treated?
  2. Symptoms of Atelectasis
  3. How does Atelectasis appear on image
A
  1. If lungs are not reinflated quickly, the lung tissue can become necrotic, infected, and cause permanent damage
  2. dyspnea, increased heart rate and respiratory rate, and chest pain.
  3. May present with pleural thickening, pleural effusion, or an airless lung
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17
Q
  1. What condition appears as pleural thickening, pleural effusion, or an airless lung
  2. What appears as areas of patchy infiltrates or densities within the lungs?
  3. What refers to air in the pleural cavity?
A
  1. Asctecalitis
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Pneumothorax
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18
Q
  1. What is Pneumonia caused by?
    - Result in?
  2. Pneumonia impacts:
  3. How does Pneumonia appear on image?
A
  1. lung infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or mycoplasmas
    - results in inflammation of the lung.
  2. impact a lobe, segment, bronchi, or interstitial tissue of the lung
  3. as areas of patchy infiltrates or densities within the lungs.
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19
Q
  1. What is a Pneumothorax?
    - Symptoms
  2. This can develop to / result in?
  3. Pneumothorax Appearance on an image?
A
  1. refers to air in the pleural cavity.
    - atelectasis, dyspnea, cough, and chest pain.
  2. Hypoxia
    - sympathetic response
  3. no lung markings within the thorax, where the lung would be expected.
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20
Q
  1. What condition appears as no lung markings within the thorax, where the lung would be expected
  2. What is the presence of excessive fluid in the pleural cavity?
  3. What is blunting of the costophrenic angles on imaging?
A
  1. Pneumothorax
  2. A pleural effusion
  3. Pleural Effusion
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21
Q
  1. How does pleural effusion appear on image?
  2. What is pleural effusion?
    - What determines severity?
  3. What can pleural effusion lead to?
A
  1. blunting of the costophrenic angles on imaging.
  2. the presence of excessive fluid in the pleural cavity.
    - type and rate of accumulation of fluid.
  3. increases the pressure in the pleural cavity and causes separation of the pleural membranes, preventing cohesion during inspiration
    - Atelectasis / Vena Cava impaired
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22
Q
  1. What condition increases the pressure in the pleural cavity and causes separation of the pleural membranes, preventing cohesion during inspiration?
  2. What is Cystic Fibrosis
  3. Where does Cystic Fibrosis affect?
A
  1. Pleural Effusion
  2. inherited disorder in children, linked gene on the 7th chromosome, and causes abnormally thick secretions
  3. lungs and pancreas where sticky mucus obstructs passages
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23
Q
  1. How does Cystic Fibrosis appear?
  2. CT Protocol for Cystic Fibrosis?
  3. What is chronic respiratory disorders that are characterized by progressive tissue degeneration and obstruction of the airways?
A
  1. bronchial thickening, bronchiectasis, cysts formation, and overinflation of the lungs and chest wall on imaging
    - Air Trapping
  2. CT High Resolution Chest
  3. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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24
Q
  1. What condition may appear as bronchial thickening, bronchiectasis, cysts formation, and overinflation of the lungs and chest wall on imaging
  2. What is COPD?
  3. COPD appearance on image?
A
  1. Cystic Fibrosis
  2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    - chronic respiratory disorders that are characterized by progressive tissue degeneration and obstruction of the airways
  3. thickening of the bronchial wall, air trapping, and narrowing of the trachea in CT.
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25
Q
  1. What condition appears as thickening of the bronchial wall, air trapping, and narrowing of the trachea in CT?
  2. What is usually a secondary problem that develops with cystic fibrosis or COPD?
  3. most common type of malignant tumor?
    - type of cell?
A
  1. COPD
  2. Bronchiectasis
  3. Bronchogenic carcinoma is
    - squamous cell carcinoma
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26
Q
  1. COPD leads to / results in?
  2. What is Bronchiectasis caused by?
  3. What is Bronchiectasis?
A
  1. irreversible and progressive damage to the lungs and may eventually cause respiratory failure.
  2. Secondary problem that develops with cystic fibrosis or COPD
  3. is an irreversible abnormal dilation of the medium sized bronchi and is the result of inflammation and infection in the airways
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27
Q
  1. Bronchiectasis leads to?
  2. What CT Protocol used for Bronchiectasis?
  3. How does it appear on an image?
A
  1. lead to and obstruction of the airway or weakening of the muscles and elastic fibers in the bronchial walls
  2. CT High Resolution Chest
  3. dilated airways, thickening of bronchial walls, and obstruction of the airways.
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28
Q
  1. What condition appears as dilated airways, thickening of bronchial walls, and obstruction of the airways?
  2. What is a blood clot or mass of material that obstructs the pulmonary artery or a branch of it.
  3. Most common location of cancer?
A
  1. Bronchiectasis
  2. A pulmonary embolus
  3. Lungs
29
Q
  1. What is a pulmonary embolism?
  2. Where do pulmonary embolism typically come from?
    - Result in?
  3. Protocol for Pulmonary Embolism?
A
  1. a blood clot or mass of material that obstructs the pulmonary artery or a branch of it.
  2. blood clots that originate from the deep leg veins
    - block arteries - LOC
    - Respiratory impairment.
    - Crushing chest pain
  3. CTA Chest / Arterial Phase
30
Q
  1. Positive PE appearance on image?
  2. What is Bronchogenic carcinoma
  3. Where is it developed?
A
  1. filling defects within the vessels of the lungs, and a filling defect may occur in the location of the emboli.
  2. most common type of malignant tumor, and squamous cell carcinoma
  3. develops from the epithelial lining of the bronchus near the hilum
31
Q
  1. What condition show filling defects within the vessels of the lungs?
  2. Which carcinoma are usually found in the periphery of the lungs?
  3. Why does CT help diagnosis lung cancer?
A
  1. Pulmonary Embolism
  2. . Adenocarcinoma and bronchoalveolar
  3. CT has the ability to demonstrate small lung nodules and can help to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors.
32
Q
  1. Difficult tumors to diagnosis in lungs?
    - Why?
  2. What is a Dissection?
  3. CT Protocol for Dissection?
    - Why?
A
  1. Adenocarcinoma and bronchoalveolar cell carcinomas
    - in the periphery of the lungs
  2. When there is a tear in the intima and blood flows between the layers of the arterial wall.
    -form of aneurysms
  3. Arterial Phase
    - Dissection occurs in arteries
33
Q
  1. What condition occur when there is a tear in the intima and blood flows between the layers of the arterial wall?
  2. What is Atherosclerosis?
  3. Where does Atherosclerosis effect/occur?
A
  1. Dissections
  2. presence of atheromas
  3. large arteries like the aorta, iliac arteries, coronary arteries, and the carotid arteries
34
Q
  1. Type of CT for Atherosclerosis?
    - Why?
  2. What is Arteriosclerosis?
  3. What condition occurs when the coronary artery is totally obstructed which leads to prolonged ischemia and cell death?
A
  1. CTA b/c occur in arteries & arterial phase is needed to image
  2. any type of change in an artery. It is often used for the changes occurring in small arteries and arterioles.
  3. Myocardial Infarction
35
Q
  1. What does Arteriosclerosis cause & lead to?
  2. What is Myocardial infarction?
  3. Three types of Myocardial Infarction
A
  1. Elasticity is lost and the walls become thick and hard, while the lumen gradually narrows and may become obstructed.
    - lead to ischemia and necrosis.
  2. occurs when the coronary artery is totally obstructed which leads to prolonged ischemia and cell death.
  3. thrombus = build & obstruct the artery
    - vasospasm = partial obstruction into a complete obstruction
    - part of a thrombus break away / become lodged in coronary artery.
36
Q
  1. Two types bowel obstruction?
    - Differences?
  2. What occurs in a bowel obstruction?
  3. How does bowel obstruction present on CT?
A
  1. mechanical, = occurs as result of a physical obstruction
    - functional = occurs as a result of a neurological condition.
  2. gas and fluid collect in the bowel
    - results in increased pressure and distention.
  3. as distended air filled loops of bowel with thickened walls.
37
Q
  1. What type of obstruction occurs as a result of a physical obstruction?
  2. What occcurs when a loop of the bowel pushes through an opening of the abdomen?
  3. What type of obstruction occurs as a result of a neurological condition?
A
  1. mechanical
  2. Hernia
  3. functional
38
Q
  1. What condition presents as distended air filled loops of bowel with thickened walls?
  2. What is a Hernia?
    - Caused By?
  3. What is an Inguinal Hernia?
    - Location?
A
  1. Bowel Obstruction
  2. occurs when a loop of the bowel pushes through an opening of the abdomen.
    - result of a weakness in the muscle wall of the abdomen.
  3. In men, the bowel loop may herniate into the scrotum, which is known as an inguinal hernia.
39
Q
  1. What is herniation into the scrotum known as?
  2. What is the inflammation of the appendix referred to as?
    - Caused By?
  3. Where is appendix located?
A
  1. an inguinal hernia
  2. Appendicitis
    - the result of an obstruction, inflamed and distended which impacts the blood supply
  3. end of the large intestine (colon) on the right side of the lower abdomen
    - RLQ
40
Q
  1. How may appendicitis appear on image?
  2. Protocol for Appendicitis?
  3. Another name for Urolithasis
A
  1. dilated appendix with a thickened wall that enhances with contrast.
    - May have appendicolith present.
  2. Abdomen With Contrast
  3. calculi / stone
41
Q
  1. What condition appears as dilated appendix with a thickened wall?
    - How is this imaged?
  2. When are Calculi formed?
  3. What do Calculi mostly consist of?
A
  1. Appendicitis
    - With contrast enhancement
  2. Calculi form when excessive amounts of insoluble salts in the filtrate or when insufficient fluid intake creates concentrated filtrate.
  3. Calcium
    - Some Uric Acid
42
Q
  1. What can calculi located in kidney cause?
  2. Protocol for urolithiasis?
  3. How does urolithiasis appear on CT?
A

1 Infection or Hydronephrosis

  1. Abdomen/Pelvis WITHOUT contrast
  2. urolithiasis = dense objects within the urinary tract.
43
Q
  1. How do Cysts appear on image?
  2. The HU for a simple renal cyst should be ______.
  3. What causes Hydronephrosis?
A
  1. Simple renal cysts typically have well-defined margins and do not enhance with contrast.
  2. less than 10 HU.
  3. occurs as a secondary problem,
    - from calculi, tumors, scar tissue, or prostatic enlargement.
44
Q
  1. Is contrast used to diagnose / enhance the following:
    - Appendicitis
    - Uthelisis
    - Cyst
    - Crohns
  2. What can occur if urine builds up in ureter / kidneys?
  3. What area does Pyelonephritis effect?
A
  1. APPY = YES
    - CALCI = NO
    - CYST = NO
    - Crohns = YES
  2. Necrosis of Tissues
    - Sepsis / Infection
  3. extend from the ureter into the kidney and involve the renal pelvis
45
Q
  1. Typical cause of Polycystic Kidney?
  2. Typical age of diagnosis?
    - What may result / may be needed?
  3. Polycystic kidney presents as ____ with an HU of less than _______.
A
  1. Genetic / Autoimmune
  2. 40 y/o
    - chronic renal failure becomes symptomatic and dialysis is required
  3. many simple cysts on B/L kidneys
    - 10
46
Q
  1. HU for polycystic kidney cyst?
  2. What is Crohn’s disease?
    - Effects what area?
  3. How does Crohns appear on CT?
A
  1. Less than 10
  2. chronic inflammation of the bowel wall, which can lead to the thickening of the wall.
    - Small intestine, & sometimes colon
  3. thickening of the bowel wall and the mucosa will enhance with the administration of IV contrast.
47
Q
  1. What condition is the chronic inflammation of the bowel wall, which can lead to the thickening of the wall
  2. What is the primary tumor arising from the tubule epithelium, or renal cortex?
  3. What is a Wilms Tumor?
A
  1. Crohns
  2. Renal cell carcinoma
  3. rare tumor occurring in children. It is associated with defects in the tumor suppressing genes
48
Q
  1. How does Renal Cell Carcinoma present on an image?
    - Is contrast advised?
  2. Wilm’s tumor is usually diagnosed by what age?
  3. Condition that appears as thickening of the bowel wall and the mucosa on CT?
A
  1. as lesions that enhance during the corticomedullary phase of contrast enhancement
  2. the age of 3 or 4
  3. Crohns
49
Q
  1. How does Wilm’s tumor present on image?
  2. What is Pancreatitis?
  3. How does Pancreatitis appear on CT?
A
  1. as an enhancing heterogeneous soft tissue mass.
  2. Inflammation of the pancreas that is a result of the digestion of tissues by pancreatic enzymes.
  3. present with parenchyma enlargement, changes in density, and fat stranding.
50
Q
  1. A heterogenous soft tissue mass on a child’s CT may be diagnosed as:
  2. What condition presents with parenchyma enlargement, changes in density, and fat stranding on CT?
  3. What is typically caused by smoking & tumors in head of pancreases?
A
  1. Wilms Tumor
  2. Pancreatitis
  3. Pancreatic Carcinoma
51
Q
  1. Two locations of Pancreatic Carcinoma:
    - Differences?
  2. Are Pancreatic tumors visible on CT?
  3. What is a benign neoplasm consisting of blood vessels that is typically circular in shape and solitary?
A
    • head of the pancreas = obstruction, weight loss, Jaund
      - tail of the pancreas = asymptomatic until the cancer is in advanced stages.
  2. head of the pancreas = visible when there is barium present in the small bowel
  3. Hemangioma
52
Q
  1. How do Tumors appear on CT?
  2. What is hemangioma
  3. In CT with IV contrast, a hemangioma will appear:
A
  1. poorly defined masses that are less enhanced than the surrounding areas. - They will appear as hypodense on arterial phase, and isodense on delayed phase imaging
  2. benign neoplasm consisting of blood vessels that is typically circular in shape and solitary
  3. have contrast enhancement at the edges of the neoplasm.
53
Q
  1. What is the condition that progressive destruction of the liver tissue, which leads to eventual liver failure.
  2. What condition appears as hypertrophy of the caudate lobe of the liver, the liver becoming more fatty, and heterogeneous parenchyma in both pre and post contrast imaging?
  3. What condition appears as poorly defined masses that are less enhanced than the surrounding areas?
A
  1. Cirrhosis
  2. Cirrhosis
  3. Tumors
54
Q
  1. How do Tumors appear in each phase?
  2. What is Cirrhosis?
  3. What does it lead to?
    - How classified?
A
  1. hypodense on arterial phase,
    - isodense on delayed phase
    - less enhanced on dry scan
  2. is the progressive destruction of the liver tissue, which leads to eventual liver failure.
  3. Liver Failure
    - Cirrhosis classified based upon the changes that occur within the liver, or the cause of the disorder
55
Q
  1. What does fatty liver indicate?
  2. What is Ascites?
  3. How does Cirrhosis appear on CT?
    - Is contrast indicated?
A
  1. Cirrhosis
  2. Ascites is the accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity.
  3. hypertrophy of the lobe of the liver, the liver more fatty, and heterogeneous parenchyma
    - both pre and post contrast imaging
56
Q
  1. Most common liver tumor?
  2. How does this tumor appear on image?
A
  1. Hepatocellular carcinoma
  2. enhancing during the late arterial phase of contrast enhancement, followed by the contrast quickly washing out
    - nondistinct during portal venous phase
57
Q
  1. How does Hepatocellular carcinoma appear on CT?
    - Is contrast indicated?
  2. What causes this carcinoma / where located?
  3. What is the inflammation of a tendon?
A
  1. enhancing during the late arterial phase of contrast enhancement, followed by the contrast quickly washing out
    - Non-Distinct during portal venous
  2. Cirrhosis causes
    - occurs in liver
  3. Tendinitis
58
Q
  1. What is tendinitis?
    - Causes?
  2. What CT protocol is used to diagnose tendinitis?
  3. What is a metabolic bone disorder that results in a decrease in bone mass and density?
A
  1. Inflammation of tendon
    - Trauma or repetitive use
  2. Arthrogram
  3. Osteoporosis
59
Q
  1. What is Osteoporosis?
  2. What occurs in Osteoporosis?
  3. What is Osteomyelitis
A
  1. Metabolic bone disorder that results in a decrease in bone mass and density
  2. bone resorption exceeds bone formation, which leads to thin and fragile bones that are subject to spontaneous fractures.
  3. Osteomyelitis is a bone infection caused by bacteria.
60
Q
  1. What is condition when bone resorption exceeds bone formation?
    - This results in?
  2. What is a bone infection caused by bacteria?
  3. What condition appears as swelling and blurring of the adjacent tissue on an image?
A
  1. Osteoporosis
    - leads to thin and fragile bones that are subject to spontaneous fractures.
  2. Osteomyelitis
  3. Osteomyelitis
61
Q
  1. Osteomyelitis appearance on CT?
  2. Osteoarthritis appearance on CT?
  3. Ewing Sarcoma appearance on CT?
A
  1. swelling and blurring of the adjacent tissue on a CT image.
  2. narrowing or erosion of the joint space on CT.
  3. appears as an aggressive tumor, with multiple small, poorly defined lesions
62
Q
  1. What is the condition that arises when the articular cartilage is damaged or lost and there is a disintegration of cartilage
  2. What is Ewing Sarcoma?
  3. Who is effected by Ewing?
    - Where does it effect?
A
  1. Osteoarthritis
  2. malignant form of cancer, tumors often grow in the medullary cavity of the long bone & pelvis
  3. 5 - 20 y/o
    - Long Bones & Pelvis
63
Q
  1. What condition appears as aggressive tumor, with multiple small, poorly defined lesions?
  2. What condition is malignant form of cancer where tumors are very aggressive and grow in the metaphysis of long bones?
  3. What is a neoplastic disease that involves the plasma cells?
A
  1. Ewing
  2. Osteogenic sarcoma
  3. Multiple Myeloma
64
Q
  1. What is Osteogenic Sarcoma?
    - Area effected?
  2. CT Protocol typically used for Osteogenic Sarcoma
  3. What is group of neoplastic disorders involving the white blood cells
A
  1. malignant form of cancer where tumors are very aggressive and grow in the metaphysis of long bones
  2. guide in a biopsy and to assess for metastases.
  3. leukemias
65
Q
  1. Four types of leukemia:
  2. What is CT used for with Leukemia?
  3. What is Hodgkin Lymphoma?
    - Area effected?
A
    • acute lymphocytic leukemia, - chronic lymphocytic leukemia,
      - acute myelogenous leukemia,
      - chronic myelogenous leukemia.
  2. assess the extent of the disease and for staging.
  3. Decrease lymphosites
    - Start one lymph node if neck and moved to other
66
Q
  1. Typical age of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
    - Typical area?
  2. Typical marker for Hodgkin?
  3. How is Hodgkin assessed?
A
  1. 20-40
    - Lymph Nodes / Starts Neck
  2. Reed-Sternberg cells
  3. Ann Arbor Staging
    - CT Used
67
Q
  1. Typical age of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
    - Typical area?
  2. Typical marker for Hodgkin?
  3. How is Hodgkin assessed?
A
  1. 20-40
    - Lymph Nodes / Starts Neck
  2. Reed-Sternberg cells
  3. Ann Arbor Staging
    - CT Used
68
Q
  1. Hodgkin vs Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?
  2. What is Multiple myeloma?
A
  1. Hodgkin = Lymphnodes of specific area
    - Non = multiple node involvement scattered throughout the body in no specific pattern
  2. a neoplastic disease that involves the plasma cells
    - tumors with bone destruction tend to develop

3.

CT (7 decks)

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