Patient Care Flashcards
What is the normal platelet count range for an adult?
140k - 440k microliter of blood
what is a range of acceptable systolic blood pressure?
95-140 mm Hg
What is the normal range for BUN?
5-20 mg/ deciliter
What are the normal stages of the cardiac cycle in which atria and ventricles contract?
Atrial and Ventricles systole
What lab factor can be used to approximate creatinine clearance?
GFR
What wave in the ECG signify the diastole of the heart muscles?
T wave
what are the normal range of GFR for women and men?
60 +/- 10 mL/min/m squared for women
70 +/- mL/min/m squared for men
what is the normal range for INR?
.8 to 1.2
If the pt is taking metformin, what are some patient preps?
they should stop 2 days prior to scan with contrast and refer to the physician prior to resuming metformin
what are examples of parenteral routes of contrast administration?
IM, Subcu, intraderm, Intrathecal, and IV
What term is used to describe condition of hypotension often leading to cerebral ischemia?
Vasovagal
Between ionic and non ionic contrast media, which has lower osmalality?
Nonionic has lower osmolality
what medical is used when pt has severe vagal reaction to iodinated contrast material that includes BRADYCARDIA?
Atropine to help increase blood pressure
high osmolar contrast material has an average osmolality of…
1000 to 2400 mOsm/kg water
What are the signs of vagal reaction to contrast ?
Bradycardic and hypotension
maximum dose of iodinated contrast agent should not exceed…
3mg/kg of body weight
what percent of all pt suffer from severe reactions to intravenous contrast?
less than 1%
what percentage of barium sulfate can be used in CT?
1-3%
pump and dumping of breast milk post contrast injection should be done for how long?
12-24 hr
what is the half life of contrast in blood plasma ?
2 hrs
what are the types of isolations?
drainage-secretion, enteric, acid-fast bacillus, respiratory, contact, and strict
what are the stages of infection?
incubation, prodormal, active, convalescence
Oral contrast for CT for just Abdomen requires how much time for 300 mL and 150 mL?
300 mL requires 30 minutes
150 mL requires IMMEDIATE scan
For CT exam of entire abdomen and pelvis, opacification of the stomach, small bowel, and proximal large bowel is typically required….
for 450mL, 300mL, 150mL
450 mL 60-90 minutes before scan
300 mL 30 minutes before scan
150 mL immediate
For studies including distal large bowel, an oral contrast will need to be administered ….
4 to 6 hours before examination
how much rectal contrast is required to opacify the rectum, sigmoid, and distal large bowel?
150-300 mL of contrast
when is intrathecal injection usually performed?
myelography
what is the difference between aseptic technique and sterile technique?
Aseptic technique is used to reduce risk of infection and Sterile technique is usually used to maintain environment that is free of microorganisms during invasive procedures
what flow rate is recommended for hand/wrist contrast injection?
1.5mL/sec
What is the major disadvantage of the CT power injector?
Extravasation
Between LOCM and HOCM, which is likely to produce a contrast reaction?
HOCM
What is the maximum dose for contrast media in children?
3mg/kg body weight
Is gram-negative an isolation?
no
Adverse reaction to contrast that similar to other allergic reactions to food or medicine can be describe as…
allergic like response
Adverse reaction that include cardiac arrhythmias, seizure, and pulmonary edema, likely related to the general toxicity of contrast agent can be described as
physiologic response
Mild urticaria, mild cutaneous edema, Nasal Stuffiness/sneezing, scratchy/itchy throat describes an allergic like reaction at what level?
Mild
Nausea/Vomiting, pronounced sensation of warmth and/or flushing,Sweats/chills, Anxiety, Altered taste, mild hypertension, transient vasovagal reaction describe physiologic response at what level?
mild
Moderate to severe urticaria, diffuse erythema, facial edema, tightening throat, hoarse voice, and wheezing are description of allergic reaction at what level?
moderate
Moderate to severe nausea and vomiting, vasovagal response requiring treatment, tachycardia from hypotension, chest pain are description of physiologic response at what level?
moderate
what are the Tx for moderate adverse reactions to iodinated contrast?
Bronchodilator, Diphenhydramine, and IV fluids for hypotensive patients
Facial, laryngeal, pulmonary edema, anaphylactic shock, severe erythema, profound hypotension, severe wheezing and bronchospasm are description of what level of Allergic like reaction?
Severe
Cardiac arrhythmia, seizure, severe hypertension, cardiopulmonary arrest, and death are description of what level of Physiologic reaction?
Severe
What are some delayed reaction to contrast media?
Urticaria, Pruritus, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, headache, fever/chills
What are some risk factors of CIN?
Diabetes, Myeloma, advanced age, and CVD
