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Resp 110 > Patient Assessment Part 2 - Test Review > Flashcards

Patient Assessment Part 2 - Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 techniques that are performed during a chest physical examination?

A

Inspection (observation), palpation, percussion, auscultation

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2
Q

What can be assessed by the technique “Inspection”?

A

What you can see or observe about a patient

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3
Q

What can be assessed by the technique “Palpation”?

A

Areas of tenderness, symmetry of excursion, tracheal position, capillary refill, tactile
fremitus

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4
Q

What signs could the patient exhibit if they had an increased work of breathing
(WOB)?

A

Accessory muscle use, JVD, pursed lip breathing, nasal flaring, intercostal
retractions, diaphoresis (diaphoretic) at rest, sitting in tripod position, unable to
speak in complete sentences

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5
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

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6
Q

diaphoresis

A

sweating

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7
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in pleural space

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8
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

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9
Q

sensorium

A

refers to level of consciousness of pt.

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10
Q

dypsnea

A

difficulty breathing as observed by
the patient

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11
Q

anterior

A

front

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12
Q

posterior

A

back

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13
Q

lateral

A

side down

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14
Q

orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing when lying

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15
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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16
Q

erythema

A

redness of skin

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17
Q

pedal edema

A

swelling of ankles-feet

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18
Q

peripheral edema

A

swelling of extremities

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19
Q

What is cyanosis and what is it caused by?

A

Blue or blue gray discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by
desaturated hemoglobin in blood- indicates inadequate tissue perfusion

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20
Q

What type of breathing pattern is associated with a diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Kussmauls

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21
Q

Biot’s

A

irregular rate & depth with irregular periods of apnea

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22
Q

Kussmaul’s

A

increase in rate and depth with no pauses- diabetic ketoacidosis

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23
Q

Cheyne Stokes

A

gradual increase then gradual decrease in depth and rate of
breathing followed by periods apnea

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24
Q

Eupnea

A

normal breathing pattern 12-20 bpm

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25
Q

Hyperpnea

A

increase in depth- deeper breathing- increase Tidal volume (Vt)

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26
Q

Hypopnea

A

decrease in depth-shallow breathing- decreased tidal volume (Vt)

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27
Q

Apnea

A

absence of breathing

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28
Q

Bradypnea

A

slow than normal RR <12 bpm

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29
Q

Tachypnea

A

faster than normal RR > 20 bpm

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30
Q

Hyperventilation

A

decreased PaC02 levels- caused by an increase in ventilation

31
Q

What is paradoxical breathing?

A

An Area of the Chest wall moves in with inhalation and out with exhalation- opposite of what is normal-typically seen with chest wall trauma- broken ribs

32
Q

What is Flail Chest?

A

An Area of the Chest wall moves in with inhalation and out with exhalation- opposite of what is normal- typically seen with chest wall trauma- broken ribs

33
Q

If a patient has an increased A-P (anterioposterior) diameter this is called what & what causes this?

A

Barrel chest caused by chronic COPD- air trapping

34
Q

What is it called when the patient has a lateral curvature of the spine?

A

scoliosis

35
Q

What is it called when the patient has a curvature of the upper spine
(anteroposterior spine)?

A

kyphosis

36
Q

What is it called when the patient has a lateral & anteroposterior curve of the spine?

A

kyphoscoliosis

37
Q

What is pectus excavatum & what is another name for this?

A

Inward curvature of sternum- Funnel chest

38
Q

What is pectus carinatum & what is another name for this?

A

Outward projection of sternum- pigeon chest

39
Q

What is lordosis?

A

Swayback- inward curvature of lumbar spine

40
Q

Describe digital clubbing & what causes this?

A

Abnormal thickening of ends of fingers- angle between nailbed & skin decreases
Caused by chronic hypoxemia

41
Q

How do you check capillary refill & what does it assess?

A

Compress or pinch the tip of the patients finger until color disappears, then release
and count the number of seconds it takes for the color to return- normal return of
color should be less than 5 seconds
Assesses perfusion to extremities

42
Q

How is symmetrical chest movement determined?

A

Place hands on patient chest wall with thumbs touching- have patient take a deep
breath- observe movement of thumbs- look for equal movement in your hands-
thumbs

43
Q

What could cause asymmetrical chest movement?

A

Consolidation (pneumonia), pleural effusion, atelectasis, pneumothorax

44
Q

What is tactile fremitus?

A

Feel for vibrations on patient chest wall when they say 99

45
Q

What could cause tactile fremitus to increase & decrease?

A

Increased with secretions, fluid, atelectasis
Decreased with pneumothorax, COPD- extra air, pleural effusion

46
Q

What is subcutaneous emphysema?

A

Air felt under the skin- crepitus crackling sensation

47
Q

What could cause the trachea to shift away from an affected side?

A

Problem outside the patient’s lung- pneumothorax, pleural effusion

48
Q

What could cause the trachea to shift toward an affected side?

A

Problem inside the lung- atelectasis

49
Q

What is an objective term and give some examples:

A

Something healthcare worker measures or observe- vital signs, lab values,
Breathsounds, x-rays, etc.

50
Q

What is a subjective term and give some examples:

A

Something the patient tells you- I’m nauseous, chest pain, etc.

51
Q

Resonance

A

Normal lung tissue

52
Q

Hyperresonance

A

Over areas containing trapped air- COPD, pneumothorax

53
Q

Dullness

A

Over areas of the lung that has a greater portion of tissue or fluid than air-
pneumonia, consolidation, atelectasis

54
Q

Flatness

A

Same as Dullness

55
Q

Tympany

A

Air filled stomach- tension pneumothorax

56
Q

What are the four critical life functions?

A

Oxygenation, ventilation, circulation, perfusion

57
Q

How is perfusion assessed?

A

BP, sensorium, temperature, urine output, hemodynamics

58
Q

How is circulation assessed?

A

HR & strength of heartbeat, cardiac output

59
Q

How is oxygenation assessed?

A

HR, color, sensorium

60
Q

How is ventilation assessed?

A

RR, Vt, chest movement, breathsounds

61
Q

What will a decreased peripheral perfusion affect?

A

Urinary output-decreased output, sensorium- confused, peripheral pulses- patient
feels cold and clammy, decreased 02 to tissues- cyanosis

62
Q

List the life functions in order of priority during an emergency:

A

1- Ventilation
2- Oxygenation
3- Circulation
4- perfusion

63
Q

What information is important to obtain when interviewing patient?

A

Signs & symptoms, past medical history, allergies, smoking history, family history

64
Q

Be able to calculate smoking history in pack years? Example: patient has smoked for
25 years and smokes 2 ½ packs a day.

A

years smoked x packs per day EX: 25 X 2.5 = 62.5 pk yr smoking history

65
Q

When describing a sputum sample what should be included?

A

Color, odor, quantity (amount), consistency (thick, loose, etc), presence of blood

66
Q

AFB test

A

tuberculosis

67
Q

Gram stain test

A

Type of microorganism- Gram – or Gram +

68
Q

C/S- Culture & sensitivity test

A

Which antibiotic will treat the infection

69
Q

Prone

A

laying on stomach- face down UPWARD

70
Q

supine

A

laying on back- face

71
Q

fowler’s

A

sitting position

72
Q

semi-fowler’s

A

sitting position

73
Q

Trendelenburg

A

head down, feet up

Resp 110 (6 decks)

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