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Patient Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What equipment?

A
  • sat monitor
  • ambu bag
  • thermometer
  • stethoscope
  • BP cuff
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2
Q

Normal Pulse

A

60 - 100 bpm

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3
Q

Bradycardia

A

Less than 60 bpm

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4
Q

Tachycardia

A

Greater than 100 bpm

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5
Q

Places to check for pulse

A

Radial, brachial, popliteal, pedal

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6
Q

Pulses Paradoxus

A

Decrease in strength in pulse during inhalation

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7
Q

Pulsus alternans

A

Irregular pulse with alternating strong and weak pulse

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8
Q

What weak pulse mean?

A

Low BP

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9
Q

What does strong and bound pulse mean?

A

Increased CO2 levels

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10
Q

Normal respirations

A

12 - 20 bpm

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11
Q

Biots

A

Irregular with periods of apnea

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12
Q

Cheyenne Stokes

A

Irregular increase and decrease depth and rate with periods of apnea

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13
Q

Kussmauls

A

Deep and fast

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14
Q

Apneustic

A

Prolonged inhalation

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15
Q

Asthmatic

A

Prolonged exhalation with abdominal muscles

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16
Q

Apnea

A

No breathing

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17
Q

Paradoxic

A

Chest wall and abdomen move in opposite directions

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18
Q

Ataxic

A

Completely irregular

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19
Q

Normal pulse oximetry saturation?

A

95 - 100%

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20
Q

Capillary refill

A

Less than 3 seconds

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21
Q

Cause of clubbing

A

Chronic hypoxia

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22
Q

Stridor

A

Upper airway obstruction
Inspiratory: narrowing above glottis
Expiratory: narrowing of lower trachea

23
Q

Acute Stridor

24
Q

Pleural friction rub

A

Creaky sound pleural area is inflamed

25
Q

Fine crackles

A

Alveoli ‘popping’ open
- late crackles (restrictive)
- early crackles (obstructive)

26
Q

Coarse crackles

A

Airflow moves fluid in airways (rhonci)

27
Q

Wheezes

A

Airway obstruction
- monophonic: 1 airway (tumor)
- polyphonic: airwayS (asthma)

28
Q

Tracheal breath sounds

A

High pitch, loud, tubular, heard on expiration more than inhalation

29
Q

Bronchivesicular breath sounds

A

Moderate pitch, equally heard on inspiration and expiration

30
Q

Vesicular breath sounds

A

Low pitch, soft, heard on inspiration

31
Q

Restrictive diseases

A

Pneumonia
Pulmonary fibrosis
Altelectasis

32
Q

Obstructive

A

Asthma
Cystic fibrosis
Emphysema
Bronchiectasis

33
Q

Hypotension

A

Less than 90/60

34
Q

Hypertension

A

Greater than 140/90

35
Q

Normal systolic

36
Q

Normal diastolic

37
Q

Normal temperature

A

98.6 F or 37 C

38
Q

Places to take temperature

A
  • buccal
  • under tongue
  • ear
  • axillary
39
Q

Cause of peripheral hypoxia

A

Poor blood flow (perfusion)

40
Q

Cause of central hypoxia

A

Respiratory failure

41
Q

Tracheal push

A

(Outside): pneumothorax, pleural effusion

42
Q

Tracheal pull

A

(Inside): pulmonary fibrosis, atelectasis, pneumonia

43
Q

Cause of JVD

A

Right heart failure

44
Q

Decrease resonance

A

High pitch, short, dull/flat
- pneumonia, atelectasis, pleural effusion, pulmonary fibrosis

45
Q

Increase resonance

A

Low pitch, loud,
-Emphysema, pneumothorax

46
Q

Causes of subcutaneous emphysema

A

Trach, trauma, surgery

47
Q

Increase tactile fremitus

A

Pneumonia, atelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis

48
Q

Decrease tactile fremitus

A

Pneumothorax, pleural effusion

49
Q

Decrease bilateral chest excursion

50
Q

Unilateral chest excursion

A

Pneumothorax, atelectasis, pleural effusion

51
Q

Increase AP diameter

52
Q

Cause for abdominal distention

A

Enlarged liver - right heart failure

53
Q

Cause of edema

A

Congestive heart failure
- pitting: intention
- weeping: fluid leak

Clinical Applications (2 decks)

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